“…As mentioned before, metaheuristic optimization algorithms proved their ability to deal with various problems such as (Famouri and Gemmen, 2003). bioinformatics (Issa, 2021a;Issa and Abd Elaziz, 2020;Issa and Hassanien, 2017;Issa et al, 2018a;Issa et al, 2018b;Issa and Helmi, 2021;, control engineering (Issa, 2021b;Issa et al, 2019), passive suspension system (Issa and Samn, 2022), and digital watermarking (Abualigah and Diabat, 2021;Issa, 2018). To estimate the model parameters of the PEMFC, an efficient method compared to the existing method is needed.…”