The article considers peculiarities of prediction of dangerous hydrological phenomena on water bodies of the Voronezh region. The types of activities performed by the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Federal State Budgetary Institution (FSBI)"Voronezh Regional Center for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring") are presented. The schematic functional diagram of the system of automated monitoring of hydrological characteristics and operational forecasting of high waters and floods, proposed.