Experience-based Auditory Predictions Modulate Brain Activity to Silence as Do Real Sounds

Chouiter, Leila; Tzovara, Athina; Diéguez, Sebastian; Annoni, Jean‐Marie; Magezi, David A.; Lucia, Marzia De; Spierer, Lucas

doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00835

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…Nevertheless, the implementation of sourcereconstruction techniques allows for the accurate identification of neural generators that can alleviate differences in head position across repeated MEG runs. Future research should focus on whether SNR and individual detectability can be improved by manipulating acquisition parameters like active attention conditions (Chouiter et al, 2015;Kathmann et al, 1999), using specific post-processing methods like trial-based analysis (Bishop and Hardiman, 2010), or employing experimental paradigms like multi-feature design (Näätänen et al, 2004), comparable to ours and designed to maximize the number of deviant stimuli (> 100) while keeping a short recording time (< 15 min).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test–retest reliability of the magnetic mismatch negativity response to sound duration and omission deviants

Recasens

Uhlhaas

2017

NeuroImage

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Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a neurophysiological measure of auditory novelty detection that could serve as a translational biomarker of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. However, the replicability of its magnetoencephalographic (MEG) counterpart (MMNm) has been insufficiently addressed. In the current study, test-retest reliability of the MMNm response to both duration and omission deviants was evaluated over two MEG sessions in 16 healthy adults. MMNm amplitudes and latencies were obtained at both sensor- and source-level using a cortically-constrained minimum-norm approach. Intraclass correlations (ICC) were derived to assess stability of MEG responses over time. In addition, signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) and within-subject statistics were obtained in order to determine MMNm detectability in individual participants. ICC revealed robust values at both sensor- and source-level for both duration and omission MMNm amplitudes (ICC = 0.81-0.90), in particular in the right hemisphere, while moderate to strong values were obtained for duration MMNm and omission MMNm peak latencies (ICC = 0.74-0.88). Duration MMNm was robustly identified in individual participants with high SNR, whereas omission MMNm responses were only observed in half of the participants. Our data indicate that MMNm to unexpected duration changes and omitted sounds are highly reproducible, providing support for the use of MEG-parameters in basic and clinical research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test–retest reliability of the magnetic mismatch negativity response to sound duration and omission deviants

Recasens

Uhlhaas

2017

NeuroImage

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“…The right column shows the time course of the average potential for the two sets of electrodes. Consistent with the literature, the C1 is characterised by a widespread negativity over the centroparietal region peaking before 100 ms, and the P1 time window by positive potentials in the parieto-occipital region peaking after 100 ms. possible to train a single classifier for all participants (De Lucia et al, 2012;Chouiter et al, 2015), the C1 signal is highly variable across subjects. Therefore, we trained classifiers for each participant independently to discriminate between conditions and compared the resulting classifier accuracy (averaged over participants) to chance level.…”

Section: Classification Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial attention affects the early processing of neutral versus fearful faces when they are task-irrelevant: a classifier study of the EEG C1 component

Acunzo

Mackenzie

Rossum

2018

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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EEG studies suggest that the emotional content of visual stimuli is processed rapidly. In particular, the C1 component, which occurs up to 100 ms after stimulus onset and likely reflects activity in primary visual cortex V1, has been reported to be sensitive to emotional faces. However, difficulties replicating these results have been reported. We hypothesized that the nature of the task and attentional condition are key to reconcile the conflicting findings. We report three experiments of EEG activity during the C1 time range elicited by peripherally presented neutral and fearful faces under various attentional conditions: the faces were spatially attended or unattended and were either task-relevant or not. Using traditional event-related potential analysis, we found that the early activity changed depending on facial expression, attentional condition, and task. In addition, we trained classifiers to discriminate the different conditions from the EEG signals. Although the classifiers were not able to discriminate between facial expressions in any condition, they uncovered differences between spatially attended and unattended faces but solely when these were task-irrelevant. In addition, this effect was only present for neutral faces. Our study provides further indication that attention and task are key parameters when measuring early differences between emotional and neutral visual stimuli.

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“…This flow of information is constantly updated over time from lower areas up to higher levels in the hierarchy in order to compare prior expectation with current evidence (Friston, 2005). In the particular case of a missing stimulus which was strongly expected based on previous experience, the brain can produce an activity strongly resembling the neural response to the missing stimulus as a manifestation of its internal expectation (Chouiter et al, 2015;SanMiguel et al, 2013) even when the expectation is built upon unperceived or task-irrelevant stimuli (Den Ouden et al, 2009). Along the same line, predictive coding has been suggested to hold even for unconsciously processed target stimuli (Vetter et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of them were deeply unconscious based on standardized clinical tests and some of them under sedation and therapeutic hypothermia (TH) treatment (Bernard et al, 2002; The hypothermia after cardiac arrest study group, 2002). We assessed trace conditioning by applying a single-trial decoding analysis testing the reactivation of the neural activity associated by the UCS when the UCS is expected but not presented after CS+ (Chouiter et al, 2015). In order to obtain reference performances in awake conditions, the same analyses were performed on a control group of 5 healthy participants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of trace conditioning in comatose patients revealed by the reactivation of EEG responses to alerting sounds

et al. 2016

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Trace conditioning refers to a learning process occurring after repeated presentation of a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS+) and a salient unconditioned stimulus (UCS) separated by a temporal gap. Recent studies have reported that trace conditioning can occur in humans in reduced levels of consciousness by showing a transfer of the unconditioned autonomic response to the CS+ in healthy sleeping individuals and in vegetative state patients. However, no previous studies have investigated the neural underpinning of trace conditioning in the absence of consciousness in humans. In the present study, we recorded the EEG activity of 29 post-anoxic comatose patients while presenting a trace conditioning paradigm using neutral tones as CS+ and alerting sounds as UCS. Most patients received therapeutic hypothermia and all were deeply unconscious according to standardized clinical scales. After repeated presentation of the CS+ and UCS couple, learning was assessed by measuring the EEG activity during the period where the UCS is omitted after CS+ presentation. Specifically we assessed the 'reactivation' of the neural response to UCS omission by applying a decoding algorithm derived from the statistical model of the EEG activity in response to the UCS presentation. The same procedure was used in a group of 12 awake healthy controls. We found a reactivation of the UCS response in absence of stimulation in eight patients (five under therapeutic hypothermia) and four healthy controls. Additionally, the reactivation effect was temporally specific within trials since it manifested primarily at the specific latency of UCS presentation and significantly less before or after this period. Our results show for the first time that trace conditioning may manifest as a reactivation of the EEG activity related to the UCS and even in the absence of consciousness.

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Experience-based Auditory Predictions Modulate Brain Activity to Silence as Do Real Sounds

Cited by 17 publications

References 67 publications

Test–retest reliability of the magnetic mismatch negativity response to sound duration and omission deviants

Test–retest reliability of the magnetic mismatch negativity response to sound duration and omission deviants

Spatial attention affects the early processing of neutral versus fearful faces when they are task-irrelevant: a classifier study of the EEG C1 component

Evidence of trace conditioning in comatose patients revealed by the reactivation of EEG responses to alerting sounds

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