“…Learning-related neuronal plasticity and the formation of memory depend on tightly controlled patterns of gene expression, with non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) emerging as an essential regulatory mechanism in this process (Bredy, Lin, Wei, Baker-Andresen, and Mattick, 2011;Leighton, Ke, Zajaczkowski, Edmunds, Spitale, and Bredy, 2017;Spadaro and Bredy, 2012). Non-coding RNAs are diverse in size, structure, origin and function; small ncRNAs, in particular, arise through a number of distinct biogenesis pathways, are categorised into several distinct classes, and primarily serve to finetune gene expression in response to current environmental demands.…”