Experience of Racism as a Correlate of Developmental and Health Outcomes Among Urban Adolescent Mental Health Clients

Surko, Michael; Ciro, Dianne; Blackwood, Caryl; Nembhard, Michael; Peake, Ken

doi:10.1300/j200v03n03_02

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Our findings amongst secondary students were similar, with students who reported ethnic discrimination being more likely to report fair/poor self-rated health, have experienced significant depressive symptoms, and be cigarette smokers. Our findings are also consistent with international reports that, among adult and youth populations, ethnic discrimination is associated with negative self-reported health and poorer overall health status [ 9 , 11 - 14 , 51 ], depressive symptoms or depression [ 7 , 13 , 14 , 20 , 52 - 55 ], smoking [ 14 , 20 - 22 , 56 - 58 ], alcohol use [ 14 , 20 - 22 ], and use of other substances [ 14 , 20 , 21 , 23 ]. International literature has also reported that youth who experience ethnic discrimination are more likely to feel unsafe in their neighbourhood because of bullying that started in school and overflowed into the victims' neighbourhood [ 59 ] and that those who experience ethnicity-related bullying in schools are more likely to have lower levels of academic achievement [ 60 , 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a paucity of nationally representative prevalence studies of ethnic discrimination among adolescents. Experiencing ethnic discrimination has been associated with a range of adverse physiological, physical, psychological, and behavioural outcomes among adult and adolescent populations including: poor self-reported overall health status [ 4 , 11 - 14 ]; depression, somatic complaints, anxiety and psychosis [ 3 , 7 , 12 - 21 ]; and risk-taking behaviours such as smoking, increased alcohol consumption, and use of other psychoactive substances [ 14 , 20 - 23 ]. Experiencing discrimination has also been shown to be associated with ethnic disparities in access to, and quality of care [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ethnic discrimination prevalence and associations with health outcomes: data from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of secondary school students in New Zealand

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundReported ethnic discrimination is higher among indigenous and minority adult populations. There is a paucity of nationally representative prevalence studies of ethnic discrimination among adolescents. Experiencing ethnic discrimination has been associated with a range of adverse health outcomes. NZ has a diverse ethnic population. There are health inequalities among young people from Māori and Pacific ethnic groups.Methods9107 randomly selected secondary school students participated in a nationally representative cross-sectional health and wellbeing survey conducted in 2007. The prevalence of ethnic discrimination by health professionals, by police, and ethnicity-related bullying were analysed. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between ethnic discrimination and six health/wellbeing outcomes: self-rated health status, depressive symptoms in the last 12 months, cigarette smoking, binge alcohol use, feeling safe in ones neighbourhood, and self-rated school achievement.ResultsThere were significant ethnic differences in the prevalences of ethnic discrimination. Students who experienced ethnic discrimination were less likely to report excellent/very good/good self-rated general health (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.39, 0.65), feel safe in their neighbourhood (OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.40, 0.58), and more likely to report an episode of binge drinking in the previous 4 weeks (OR 1.77; 95% CI 1.45, 2.17). For all these outcomes the odds ratios for the group who were 'unsure' if they had experienced ethnic discrimination were similar to those of the 'yes' group.Ethnicity stratified associations between ethnic discrimination and the depression, cigarette smoking, and self-rated school achievement are reported. Within each ethnic group participants reporting ethnic discrimination were more likely to have adverse outcomes for these three variables. For all three outcomes the direction and size of the association between experience of ethnic discrimination and the outcome were similar across all ethnic groups.ConclusionsEthnic discrimination is more commonly reported by Indigenous and minority group students. Both experiencing and being 'unsure' about experiencing ethnic discrimination are associated with a range of adverse health/wellbeing outcomes. Our findings highlight the progress yet to be made to ensure that rights to be free from ethnic discrimination are met for young people living in New Zealand.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic discrimination prevalence and associations with health outcomes: data from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of secondary school students in New Zealand

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although exposure to drugs and violence are often attributable to "third" factors, Surko, Ciro, Blackwood, Nembhard, and Peake (2008) uncovered relations between perceived discrimination and such exposures. Early adolescents reporting racism were more likely to have witnessed violence, and were more likely to have been victims of violence than adolescents who did not report racism.…”

Section: Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Implications of Discrimination

Marks

Ejesi

McCullough

et al. 2015

Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Discrimination—the purposeful and harmful actions toward others because of their membership in a social group—can have profound effects on child and adolescent development. This chapter is concerned with mapping the literature on how perceived discrimination negatively affects a wide range of developmental processes (e.g., identity formation and prosocial behaviors) and outcomes across cognitive, physical health, socioemotional, and mental health areas. Because no such review has been written previously, we present a systematic review of this emerging body of research. We also attend to important theoretical models salient to understanding how discrimination harms children's lives, and to the social processes that may make children prone to discriminating against others. Thoughts on future research directions in this subfield accompany a discussion of the need for increased attention to the social contexts that promote discrimination in childhood and adolescence.

show abstract

“…Social development theory focuses on ''normal'' and ''abnormal'' development, with the goal of understanding what factors place adolescents at risk for mental health problems such as depression, and what protective factors or ''developmental assets'' help keep adolescents mentally healthy, especially when other risk factors are present (Benson et al, 2006;Surgeon General, 1999). The concept of ''resilience,'' or the ability to bounce back from adversity, is particularly relevant to the area of adolescent mental health among racial/ethnic minorities and economically disadvantaged youth because they constantly face the challenge of maintaining mental health despite historical discrimination, subtle racism, structural disadvantage, and economic strain, and they are likely to have fewer developmental assets (Greene, Way, & Pahl, 2006;Romero & Roberts, 2003a;Surko, Ciro, Blackwood, Nembhard, & Peake, 2005). Resilience does not necessarily imply a fixed individual trait, but rather resilient adaptation results from the interaction of an individual's situation with the social environment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Community involvement and adolescent mental health: moderating effects of race/ethnicity and neighborhood disadvantage

Hull

Kilbourne

Reece

et al. 2008

Journal Community Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Social development and stress process theories suggest that participation in one's community can function as a protective factor for mental health, especially for youth from socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. However, the effects of community involvement on adolescent mental health could vary across racial/ethnic groups and levels of neighborhood disadvantage. The objectives of this paper are to: (1) examine the effects of various types of community involvement on adolescent mental health, and (2) assess the extent to which race/ethnicity and neighborhood disadvantage moderate the effects of community involvement on adolescent mental health. Using data from two waves (1994/95 and 1996) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (“Add Health,” N=7,863), multilevel (hierarchical) linear models were estimated that tested for interaction effects of race/ethnicity and neighborhood disadvantage. The types of community participation that impacted adolescent mental health varied across racial/ethnic groups. Neighborhood interaction and religious participation were salient for both White and Hispanic teens, but the impact of religious participation for Whites was moderated by neighborhood disadvantage. Non‐sport extracurricular activities and employment were the salient factors for Black teens, both of which were moderated by neighborhood disadvantage. The findings from this study have implications for community‐level and clinical interventions to prevent and/or treat mental health problems among adolescents. Social integration interventions should take into account adolescents' cultural backgrounds and socioeconomic contexts in order to be effective. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

show abstract

Experience of Racism as a Correlate of Developmental and Health Outcomes Among Urban Adolescent Mental Health Clients

Cited by 24 publications

References 21 publications

Ethnic discrimination prevalence and associations with health outcomes: data from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of secondary school students in New Zealand

Ethnic discrimination prevalence and associations with health outcomes: data from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of secondary school students in New Zealand

Developmental Implications of Discrimination

Community involvement and adolescent mental health: moderating effects of race/ethnicity and neighborhood disadvantage

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About