Experience Sampling: Promises and Pitfalls, Strengths and Weaknesses

Scollon, Christie N.; Kim-Prieto, Chu; Diener, Ed

doi:10.1023/a:1023605205115

Cited by 596 publications

(490 citation statements)

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“…Because of the covert nature of emotional experience, emotions (be they positive or negative) are more perceptually salient when they belong to oneself than to another (McFarland and Miller 1990). Future research might follow up on this self-serving aspect more directly by examining people's emotions (and the beliefs about those emotions) at the time they experience them using, for example, methods of experience sampling (Scollon et al 2003) or day reconstruction (Kahneman et al 2004). Such methods may shed light on whether emotion appraisals are immediately skewed to the positive or become progressively more positive with the passage of time (Mitchell et al 1997;Van Boven and Ashworth 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Praise for regret: People value regret above other negative emotions

2008

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What do people think about the emotion of regret? Recent demonstrations of the psychological benefits of regret have been framed against an assumption that most people find regret to be aversive, both when experienced but also when recalled later. Two studies explored lay evaluations of regret experiences, revealing them to be largely favorable rather than unfavorable. Study 1 demonstrated that regret, but not other negative emotions, was dominated by positive more than negative evaluations. In both studies 1 and 2, although participants saw a great deal of benefit from their negative emotions, regret stood out as particularly beneficial. Indeed, in study 2, regret was seen to be the most beneficial of 12 negative emotions on all five functions of: making sense of past experiences, facilitating approach behaviors, facilitating avoidance behaviors, gaining insights into the self, and in preserving social harmony. Moreover, in study 2, individuals made self-serving ascriptions of regret, reporting greater regret experiences for themselves than for others. In short, people value their regrets substantially more than they do other negative emotions. KeywordsRegret; Counterfactual; Affect; Emotion At first glance, it would seem uncontroversial to make the claim "regret is bad." After all, regret is a negative emotion hinging on the recognition that a personal action could have made the past better (Landman 1993;Zeelenberg 1999). Regret typically implies self-blame for unfortunate events (Connolly and Zeelenberg 2002). Individuals who ruminate on their regrets are more likely to report reduced life satisfaction and to experience difficulty coping with negative life events (e.g., Lecci et al. 1994;Schwartz et al. 2002). Regret is additionally problematic because of its biasing effect on decision-making, an idea central to regret theories in economics (e.g., Bell 1982; Connolly and Butler 2006). At a more basic level, regret (like any negative emotion) is intrinsically aversive, hence individuals are motivated to avoid it, even if this means sacrificing an objectively superior reward (Zeelenberg et al. 1996).Although early depictions of regret emphasized various dysfunctional aspects, newer conceptions additionally have emphasized its functional basis, particularly in terms of triggering behavior change aimed at remediation (Landman 1993;Roese and Summerville Correspondence to: Neal J. Roese. Markman et al. 2008;Roese 1994Roese , 1997. Counterfactual inference, by identifying a cause of a problem, helps make sense of negative experience. For example, a student thinking "If only I had studied harder" may on subsequent exams study harder and hence perform better. Counterfactual thinking may be useful both for approach behaviors (e.g., studying harder) as well as avoidance behaviors (e.g., staying away from parties the night before an exam). Further, in seeing causal connections between past actions and outcomes, counterfactual thinking and hence regret may help people to place events into context, thereby making ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Praise for regret: People value regret above other negative emotions

2008

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“…The active learning literature have also proposed a variety of ways to choose which data should be labeled [1,12,17,18]. However, it has been shown that the frequency and repetition of questions can affect the accuracy and compliance with experience sampling [22]. Horvitz has argued [8] and attempts have been made in both the machine learning and experience sampling communities [4,12,13,14] to take into account users' interruption costs to determine when to ask.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We want to use experience sampling to build and train personalized preference classifiers for mobile phone users without affecting the usability of our application. Unlike traditional experience sampling techniques in which the participant should be interrupted, we are interested in minimizing this interruption so that users are more likely to answer the questions over time [22]. Several techniques have been proposed for when to collect accurate data from users.…”

Section: Experience Sampling To Acquire Training Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Decision-Theoretic Experience Sampling to Build Personalized Mobile Phone Interruption Models

Rosenthal

Dey

Veloso

2011

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Abstract. We contribute a method for approximating users' interruptibility costs to use for experience sampling and validate the method in an application that learns when to automatically turn off and on the phone volume to avoid embarrassing phone interruptions. We demonstrate that users have varying costs associated with interruptions which indicates the need for personalized cost approximations. We compare different experience sampling techniques to learn users' volume preferences and show those that ask when our cost approximation is low reduce the number of embarrassing interruptions and result in more accurate volume classifiers when deployed for long-term use.

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“…Realmente, alguns estudos (MyinGermeys, Delespaul, & deVries, 2000;Delespaul, 1995) No sentido de estudar a experiência subjetiva diária de indivíduos com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, os investigadores reconhecem a importância de medidas que avaliem as experiências de vida de uma forma mais real e contingente. Nesta perspectiva têm sido utilizadas medidas em tempo real ou ecológicas, com métodos de recolha de dados em que os participantes respondem a avaliações repetidas acerca das experiências no momento em que as vivenciam, ou seja, enquanto funcionam no seu ambiente natural (Scollon, Kim-Prieto, & Diener, 2003). Exemplo desta metodologia é o ExperienceSampling Method-(ESM) (Csikszentmihalyi & Larson, 1987), em que os participantes portam consigo um dispositivo electrónico que emite sinais acústicos durante quatro a sete dias, relatando a sua experiência através de respostas abertas e fechadas a um questionário breve a cada vez que o dispositivo toca.…”

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“…Esta metodologia permite diminuir o viés e as distorções da memória presentes nos questionários de autorrelato (medidas retrospectivas), por isso apenas as respostas dos participantes que ocorram entre 10 a 20 minutos após a emissão do sinal acústico tendem a ser consideradas (Scollon, KimPrieto, & Diener, 2003). Outra vantagem é a possibilidade de obter uma grande quantidade de dados, mesmo com amostras reduzidas, já que é uma medida repetida e pode ser analisada tanto ao nível da resposta por momento (beep-level) quanto ao nível de resposta por sujeito (subject-level) (Scollon et al, 2003).…”

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Vida Cotidiana, Afetividade E Esquizofrenia: Um Estudo Em Adultos Portugueses

Freire¹,

Iglésias²

2014

Psicol. estud.

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RESUMO. O presente estudo, realizado em Portugal, teve como objetivo analisar as experiências da vida diária de pessoas com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, com particular ênfase na dimensão afetiva da experiência. Recorreu-se ao Experience Sampling Method (ESM) para recolha de dados relativos à experiência diária ao longo de uma semana. Participaram neste estudo 14 pessoas com pelos menos três anos de diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, estáveis do ponto de vista médico, a viver em contexto extra-hospitalar e alvo de projetos de reabilitação profissional. Os resultados indicam que os participantes passam grande parte do tempo em casa, sozinhos ou com a família, a realizar atividades de tempo livre. Os aspectos afetivos positivos (emoções e sentimentos) predominam na sua vida diária, porém esta situação se altera quando os indivíduos estão sozinhos, havendo um decréscimo acentuado da afetividade positiva e um aumento significativo da afetividade negativa. Estes resultados reforçam a perspectiva de integração comunitária e a necessidade de esta ser acompanhada da criação de estruturas comunitárias que promovam atividades integradas de reabilitação, estruturadas e promotoras do desenvolvimento e das interações sociais.Palavras-chave: saúde mental; esquizofrenia; psicologia positiva. DAILY LIFE, AFFECTIVITY AND SCHIZOPHRENIA: A STUDY WITH PORTUGUESE ADULTSABSTRACT. This study aimed to analyse the daily life experiences of Portuguese people with schizophrenia diagnosed with particular emphasis on the affective dimension of experience. The Experience Sampling Method (ESM) was used to collect data on the daily life experience, over a week. Participated in this study 14 people diagnosed with schizophrenia for at least three years, medically stabilized, living in the community and professional rehabilitation targets. The results indicate that the participants spend most of their time in their homes, alone or with their families and performing leisure activities. The positive affective aspects (feeling and emotions) predominate in their daily lives. However this situation changes when individuals are alone, with a sharp decrease in the positive affectivity and a significant increase in the negative one. These results reinforce the perspective of the community integration and the need for this to be accompanied by the creation of community structures that promote integrated rehabilitation activities, structured and promoters of the development and the social interactions.Keywords: Mental health; schizophrenia; Positive Psychology. VIDA DIARIA, AFECTIVIDAD, Y ESQUIZOFRENIA: UN ESTUDIO DE ADULTOS PORTUGUESESRESUMEN. El presente estudio, realizado en Portugal, tuvo como objetivo analizar las experiencias de vida diaria de personas con el diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, prestando especial atención a la dimensión afectiva de la experiencia. Se recurrió al Experience Sampling Method (ESM) para la recolección de los datos sobre la experiencia diaria a lo largo de una semana. Participaron en este estudio 14 personas diagnosticadas con esqui...

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Experience Sampling: Promises and Pitfalls, Strengths and Weaknesses

Cited by 596 publications

References 88 publications

Praise for regret: People value regret above other negative emotions

Praise for regret: People value regret above other negative emotions

Using Decision-Theoretic Experience Sampling to Build Personalized Mobile Phone Interruption Models

Vida Cotidiana, Afetividade E Esquizofrenia: Um Estudo Em Adultos Portugueses

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