Experiences from developing an integrated land-use planning approach for protected areas in the Lao PDR

Expansion of traditional land-use and deforestation: a case study of an adat forest in the Kandilo Subwatershed, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

“…In 1991, APM was connected to the Integrated Land and Water Information System (ILWIS), a raster-based geographic information system (GIS) by de Gier and Hussin to improve the spatial capacity of the model in predicting which areas would be the new land-use (Forest Science Division 2001;Hussin et al 1995). On the basis of several uses at different sites, APM is considered an appropriate tool to model deforestation and forest degradation (Ato 1996;Hamzah 2012;Hussin et al 1995;Sandewall and Nilsson 2001;Sawathvong 2004;Yanuariadi 1999).…”

“…Spatial APM assumes that land-use conversion starts from the periphery of existing agricultural land and converted to forestland or other land according to a friction value and the distance to an agricultural area. In general, when demand for agricultural land increases, land transfer from another class is generated in a certain priority order (Hussin et al 1995;Sawathvong 2004;Yanuariadi 1999). The general framework of the spatial APM is presented in Fig.…”

Relationship between local residents' perceptions, attitudes and participation towards national protected areas: A case study of Phou Khao Khouay National Protected Area, central Lao PDR

“…Although protected areas are cornerstones of international nature protection efforts and essential for biological diversity conservation and for meeting community needs (Sawathvong, 2004), establishing protected areas 'has focused on biological conservation and has completely ignored the opinions of local residents' (Wang and Yamamoto, 2009, p. 67) and 'has not always been consistent with the interests of local communities living in or next to these' (Wallner et al, 2007, p. 104). Therefore, public support is vital to sustain protected areas and to successfully conserve ecosystems and biodiversity (Kijazi and Kant, 2011;Miller and Hobbs, 2002;Müller-Böker and Kollmair, 2000;Paul and Chakrabarti, 2011;Sawathvong, 2004;Trakolis, 2001) and protected areas are primarily important to offset the excessive declines in biodiversity (Liu et al, 2010).…”

“…Therefore, public support is vital to sustain protected areas and to successfully conserve ecosystems and biodiversity (Kijazi and Kant, 2011;Miller and Hobbs, 2002;Müller-Böker and Kollmair, 2000;Paul and Chakrabarti, 2011;Sawathvong, 2004;Trakolis, 2001) and protected areas are primarily important to offset the excessive declines in biodiversity (Liu et al, 2010). The provision of variety of products and services like raw materials for housing and many products made out of wood are extracted from the forests (Tietenberg, 2001) and has been found to be an essential principle to resolve any conflicts (McNeely, 1988).…”

“…In addition, many examples have shown that protected areas are likely to succeed only if local residents are directly involved in their selection, establishment and management (McNeely, 1988;Mehta and Heinen, 2001) and 'environmentalists will find it next to impossible to conserve a resource without the commitment of the local population' (Drake, 1991, p. 133). Modern approaches in many countries now seek local community involvement in protecting forest (Sawathvong, 2004), through partnerships (Paul and Chakrabarti, 2011) or in the form of collaborative multi-stakeholders (Kijazi and Kant, 2011) to increase societal participation. Moreover, 'protected areas of all types will not survive without people inside them using them in sensible ways, or those outside them respecting them and defending them' (Redford et al, 2006, p. 2).…”