Experiences of Black Adolescents With Depression in Rural Communities

Hannor-Walker, TeShaunda; Bohecker, Lynn; Ricks, Lacey; Kitchens, Sarah

doi:10.15241/thw.10.2.285

Cited by 4 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Among cisgender participants, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic/Latinx adolescents exhibited higher self-esteem compared to non-Hispanic White adolescents. Our sample yielded similar findings to prior studies conducted with the general adolescent population (Bachman et al, 2012;Hannor-Walker, Bohecker, Ricks, & Kitchens, 2020;Smokowski et al, 2014) and may reflect the pervasive, central values placed on familism within communities of color that nurture self-esteem by providing a sense of belonging, support, and racial/ethnic pride (Buehler, 2020;Causey, Livingston, & High, 2015;Plunkett, White, Carter, & Horner, 2016;Przeworski & Piedra, 2020). In fact, prior studies have suggested that given their value and importance of family relationships, many Black and Hispanic/Latinx LGBTQ+ adolescents aim to maintain family ties when faced with LGBTQ+ non-acceptance and therefore may benefit from resources that support their self-esteem (Swendener & Woodell, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The interplay of familial warmth and LGBTQ+ specific family rejection on LGBTQ+ adolescents’ self‐esteem

Meanley

Flores

Listerud

et al. 2021

Journal of Adolescence

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Our study sought to assess the interplay of family dynamics, namely familial warmth and LGBTQ+ specific rejection, and its association to self-esteem in a non-probabilistic sample of LGBTQ+ adolescents in the United States. Methods: Stratified by (1) cisgender and (2) transgender and non-binary LGBTQ+ adolescents (N = 8774), we tested multivariable regression analyses to assess the association between familial warmth and LGBTQ+ specific family rejection, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. We then conducted a sub-analysis with LGBTQ+ adolescents who reported being out to any family member about their LGBTQ+ identity; specifically, we tested a series of multivariable regression models to assess whether levels of LGBTQ+ specific family rejection attenuated the association between familial warmth and self-esteem. Results: Full sample models indicated a positive association between familial warmth and selfesteem. Findings from our sub-analysis indicated that familial warmth remained positively linked to self-esteem and family rejection was negatively associated with self-esteem. Family rejection was a statistically significant moderator, attenuating the association between familial warmth and self-esteem. With respect to being out about one's sexual orientation, these findings were robust across gender stratification groups. Conclusions: Families of origin serve as sources of stress and resilience for LGBTQ+ adolescents. Our findings contribute support to arguments that familial warmth and LGBTQ+ specific rejection are not mutually-exclusive experiences among LGBTQ+ adolescents. We provide recommendations for multilevel interventions to leverage activities that support positive family dynamics and self-esteem among LGBTQ+ adolescents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The interplay of familial warmth and LGBTQ+ specific family rejection on LGBTQ+ adolescents’ self‐esteem

Meanley

Flores

Listerud

et al. 2021

Journal of Adolescence

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“…A range of challenging life experiences were described. This included traumatic experiences (e.g., abuse, neglect, domestic violence, bullying and physical health complications), family challenges (e.g., conflict, parental physical or mental illness and parental separation), transitions (e.g., leaving school, exams, moving country and being taken into care) and losses (e.g., death of someone close, relationship breakups and becoming homeless; de Mol et al, 2018; Farmer, 2002; Hannor‐Walker et al, 2020; Midgley et al, 2017; Ofonedu et al, 2013; Wisdom & Green, 2004). These experiences were linked to feelings of inadequacy or anger by some (Midgley et al, 2017): “I have lot of hate in my heart about everything that happened” (Ofonedu et al, 2013, p. 100).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other studies largely had good congruence between the methodology and research question, data collection and analysis. The inconsistencies that existed included addressing a causal question (de Mol et al, 2018), use of data saturation (McCann et al, 2012a(McCann et al, , 2012b, inter-rater reliability checks (Oliver et al, 2015) and positivist content analysis (Hannor-Walker et al, 2020) all within the context of interpretive phenomenology. A further inconsistency was the use of purposive sampling in a grounded theory study (Wisdom & Green, 2004).…”

Section: Methodological Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nine studies used phenomenology as the overarching methodology (de Mol et al, 2018;Farmer, 2002;Hannor-Walker et al, 2020;McCann et al, 2012aMcCann et al, , 2012bOfonedu et al, 2013;Oliver et al, 2015;Weitkamp et al, 2016;Woodgate, 2006). One study used a grounded theory approach (Wisdom & Green, 2004), and another used a qualitative description approach (Radovic et al, 2017).…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The lived experience of adolescent depression: A systematic review and meta‐aggregation

Twivy

Kirkham

Cooper

2023

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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Background The under‐detection of depression in adolescents suggests that a better understanding of its presentation may be needed. Conceptualizations of adolescent depression are largely the same as adult depression, with minimal consideration of developmental stage. Exploration of first‐hand accounts could help to identify any unique features of adolescent depression. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to understand the lived experience of adolescents with depression to inform clinical practice. Methods The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020198141). Databases (PsychINFO, CINAL, MEDLINE and EMBASE) were searched in March 2022 to identify peer‐reviewed qualitative studies on first‐hand experiences of adolescent depression. The Joanna Briggs Institute's qualitative data extraction tool and checklist for qualitative research were used to obtain study data and assess methodological quality of included papers. Meta‐aggregation was the method of synthesis, whereby extracted themes from the papers were grouped according to shared meanings. Results Fifteen papers of mixed methodological quality were identified for inclusion from screening a total of 1,983 references. Studies were published between 2002 and 2021, spanned seven countries and included participants aged 11 to 22 years old. Aggregation of 56 themes resulted in 16 categories and 3 synthesized findings encompassing key aspects of adolescent depression: causes, symptoms and coping. Variability in adolescents' perspectives across these domains was evident. Some symptoms described, such as social disconnection and anger, are not listed in existing diagnostic criteria. Conclusions Subjective experiences of depression among adolescents vary and may not entirely match diagnostic criteria. Awareness of this when assessing for depression may improve detection and help to ensure adolescents feel understood.

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“…Qualitative research into protective caregiving, (i.e., high levels of emotional support and warmth, involvement, reciprocal communication, and cooperative problem-solving) which may buffer youth from the negative mental health outcomes associated with experiencing racial discrimination, could yield a greater understanding of how it can be cultivated in Black families [29 ▪▪ ]. Given the importance of family cohesion in the Black community, increased studies focusing on family-based intervention program development may help identify additional and unique protective factors for youth from the effects of racial discrimination [25]. It is essential for future research to examine the impact of community outreach and religious education through organizations as it relates to family and social attitudes toward depression on increasing awareness, understanding, and help-seeking.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Research Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the disparities in the identification and assessment of depression in Black adolescents and young adults. How can clinicians help to close the gap?

Lemonious

Codner

Pluhar

2022

Current Opinion in Pediatrics

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Purpose of reviewDepression among Black youth has been under-identified, misdiagnosed and undertreated leaving many Black youth to suffer with this potentially debilitating condition. Thus, it is crucial to evaluate how to appropriately identify and treat depression in Black adolescents. This review outlines the risk factors for the development of depression in Black adolescents, the barriers they face when attempting to access mental healthcare and culturally sensitive actions steps a primary care provider can take to help increase the appropriate diagnosis and ultimate treatment of depression in Black adolescents.Recent findingsDepression can present differently in Black adolescents, which leads to its under identification or misdiagnosis. Moreover, in recent years, the rate of suicide among Black adolescents has been disproportionately rising faster compared to other race/ethnic groups. There have been multiple barriers identified that can be attributed to these findings such as provider mistrust, cultural stigma against seeking help for mental illness, lack of education in the Black community about how depression presents, and lack of financial resources to access mental healthcare.SummaryBy understanding the unique experiences and inequities faced by Black youth, a culturally responsive assessment can be performed as the crucial initial step in the diagnostic assessment of their depression.

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Experiences of Black Adolescents With Depression in Rural Communities

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

The interplay of familial warmth and LGBTQ+ specific family rejection on LGBTQ+ adolescents’ self‐esteem

The interplay of familial warmth and LGBTQ+ specific family rejection on LGBTQ+ adolescents’ self‐esteem

The lived experience of adolescent depression: A systematic review and meta‐aggregation

A review on the disparities in the identification and assessment of depression in Black adolescents and young adults. How can clinicians help to close the gap?

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