Experiences of different types of discrimination in the UK during the first 16 months of the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed methods study

Paul, Elise; Razai, Mohammad S; Burgess, Rochelle; Burton, Alexandra; McKinlay, Alison

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2288263/v1

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 26 publications

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“…On average in Britain, women are more likely than men to earn less [8] and have more unpaid care responsibilities [9]. Research suggests that women in the UK experienced less equality during COVID compared with pre-pandemic times [10,11] owing to these pre-existing gender inequalities. Women are more likely to experience fatal consequences of IPV such as femicide, and are more often victims in reports of physical abuse, sexual violence, and coercive control cases [6,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How did UK social distancing restrictions affect the lives of women experiencing intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic? A qualitative exploration of survivor views

McKinlay¹,

Simon²,

May³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: An increase of domestic abuse cases was reported at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, with many people living with abuse facing additional barriers to seeking support. Available evidence suggests women are overrepresented in the reported cases of intimate partner violence (IPV) and we aimed to learn more about how their lives were impacted by social distancing restrictions. Methods: We conducted a qualitative interview study, using reflexive thematic analysis. Interviews were conducted between April 2021 and March 2022. 18 women in the UK with past experiences of IPV provided informed consent and participated in this study. Results: We identified five themes related to the experiences of COVID-19 lockdown restrictions on the lives of the participants. Firstly, lockdown meant being confined to a place where abuse was escalating in frequency and intensity. Participants described fear, isolation, and loss of control during the early stages of the pandemic from the combination of abuse and pandemic-related changes to daily life. However, psychosocial wellbeing and identity underwent a transformation when abuse ended during lockdown, with many participants using the word “freedom” when reflecting on their experience of living through the COVID-19 pandemic. We identified key barriers that prevented access to support for IPV, including “cancelled” services and missed opportunities to intervene during interactions in lockdown with frontline workers. Paradoxically, some participants found other forms of support were more readily available, such as provision of online psychological support and social groups. Conclusions: In this study, we explored the views of female survivors of IPV in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results highlight the importance of combined public awareness campaigns and community intervention points for victims to safely seek help during social distancing restrictions. Having the time and space to reflect on healing after escaping abuse was described by women in our study as a benefit from their lives in lockdown, which is a factor that could be incorporated into future initiatives developed to support people subjected to violence and abuse.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How did UK social distancing restrictions affect the lives of women experiencing intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic? A qualitative exploration of survivor views

McKinlay¹,

Simon²,

May³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Direct and Vicarious Experiences of COVID-19-Related Racism Across Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States

Cho,

Sherchan,

Fernandez

et al. 2024

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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Objectives Due to stigmatization associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, certain groups were believed to be the cause of COVID-19 and thus experienced COVID-19-related racism through direct interpersonal and vicarious experiences. This study used quantitative and qualitative responses to examine whether the prevalence of experiencing these types of racism varied across racial and ethnic groups. Study Design This cross-sectional study included 5,480 participants in the REACH-US (Race-Related Experiences Associated with COVID-19 and Health in the United States) study, which is a nationally representative survey administered to 5,500 U.S. adults from January 26, 2021-March 3, 2021. Methods COVID-19-related racism was measured using single items about whether participants: 1.) experienced racism because they were thought to belong to a group more likely to get COVID-19 (direct); 2.) witnessed racism against others who were thought to belong to a group more likely to get COVID-19 (vicarious). Logistic regression examined differences in experiencing COVID-19-related racism across racial and ethnic groups, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Themes emerged from open-ended descriptions of racism experiences coded in a thematic analysis and were reported across racial and ethnic groups. Results Overall, 6.4% and 15.9% of adults experienced direct and vicarious COVID-19-related racism, respectively. All racial and ethnic groups (except Hispanic/Latino English Language Preference) were significantly more likely than White adults to experience direct (AORs: 2.06–4.92) and vicarious (AORs: 1.63–3.02) COVID-19-related racism. Racial and ethnic differences were observed across thematic domains of type of mistreatment and settings where racism occurred. Conclusions Direct and vicarious COVID-19-related racism were more prevalent among marginalized racial and ethnic groups, comprised various types of mistreatment, and occurred across multiple settings, thus highlighting the need for integrated efforts to reduce and prevent racism.

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Experiences of different types of discrimination in the UK during the first 16 months of the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed methods study

Cited by 2 publications

References 26 publications

How did UK social distancing restrictions affect the lives of women experiencing intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic? A qualitative exploration of survivor views

How did UK social distancing restrictions affect the lives of women experiencing intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic? A qualitative exploration of survivor views

Direct and Vicarious Experiences of COVID-19-Related Racism Across Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States

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