Experiences of Harassment, Discrimination, and Physical Violence Among Young Gay and Bisexual Men

Huebner, David M.; Rebchook, Greg; Kegeles, Susan M.

doi:10.2105/ajph.94.7.1200

Cited by 335 publications

(249 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…20,21 Dimensions of minority stress, including experiencing and internalizing stigma due to sexual orientation, have been shown to have significant associations with negative health outcomes among adult gay and bisexual men, [21][22][23][24] sexual minority youth, 25 and in particular among young males who have sex with men (YMSM). [26][27][28] High rates of depression, substance use, and HIV/AIDS among groups of adult gay men have also been theorized to arise from negative childhood or adolescent experiences associated with their emergent samesex identities in heterosexist environments. 29 In general, sexual minority adolescents report negative health disparities compared to heterosexual adolescents due to increased risk of experiencing minority stress-related stressors, including bullying, verbal abuse, violence, and social marginalization.…”

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confidence: 99%

Modeling Minority Stress Effects on Homelessness and Health Disparities among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men

2014

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Sexual minority youth are more likely to experience homelessness, and homeless sexual minority youth report greater risk for mental health and substance abuse symptoms than homeless heterosexual youth, yet few studies have assessed determinants that help explain the disparities. Minority stress theory proposes that physical and mental health disparities among sexual minority populations may be explained by the stress produced by living in heterosexist social environments characterized by stigma and discrimination directed toward sexual minority persons. We used data from a sample of 200 young men who have sex with men (YMSM) (38 % African American, 26.5 % Latino/Hispanic, 23.5 % White, 12 % multiracial/other) to develop an exploratory path model measuring the effects of experience and internalization of sexual orientation stigma on depression and substance use via being kicked out of home due to sexual orientation and current homelessness. Direct significant paths were found from experience of sexual orientation-related stigma to internalization of sexual orientation-related stigma, having been kicked out of one's home, experiencing homelessness during the past year, and major depressive symptoms during the past week. Having been kicked out of one's home had a direct significant effect on experiencing homelessness during the past 12 months and on daily marijuana use. Internalization of sexual orientation-related stigma and experiencing homelessness during the past 12 months partially mediated the direct effect of experience of sexual orientation-related stigma on major depressive symptoms. Our empirical testing of the effects of minority stress on health of YMSM advances minority stress theory as a framework for investigating health disparities among this population.

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Modeling Minority Stress Effects on Homelessness and Health Disparities among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men

2014

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“…Research indicates that lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals often experience additional stress that stems from prejudice and discrimination encountered in their daily lives, as compared to their heterosexual counterparts (Meyer, 2003; As emerging adults, YMSM may face increased conflict within their families as they begin to renegotiate/redefine these relationships. This conflict often results in physical or verbal victimization, particularly when they begin to disclose their sexual identity status (D'Augelli, 2005;Huebner, Rebchook, & Kegeles, 2004;Rivers, 2000;Willoughby, Malik, & Lindahl, 2006). A recent study found that LGB young adults (ages between 21 to 25) who experienced greater family rejection not only have increased odds of suicide attempts and depression, but are also significantly more likely to use drugs and engage in unprotected sexual intercourse (Ryan, Huebner, Diaz, & Sanchez, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Impact of Recent Stressful Experiences on HIV-Risk-Related Behaviors

Wong¹,

Weiss²,

McDavitt³

et al. 2007

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Limited research has captured the wide varieties of distinct, but interrelated, life stressors that young men who have sex with men (YMSM) experience as emerging adults. We examined the way recent experiences of a diverse set of stressors predict illicit drug use, alcohol misuse, and inconsistent condom use (i.e., unprotected anal intercourse) among an ethnically diverse cohort of YMSM (N=526). Results indicated that stress related to financial and health concerns were associated with increased risk for substance use, while health concerns and partner-related stress were associated with sexual risk-taking. Additional analyses indicated drug use and alcohol misuse did not significantly mediate the impact that stressors have on sexual risk. Findings show that stressors from different life domains can have impact on different HIV-risk behavior. Results challenge the way diverse stressful life experiences are conceptualized for this population.

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“…11 There is also growing evidence suggesting that HIV-positive individuals from traditionally stigmatized groups report higher rates of violence exposure and suicidal ideation. 12,13 Female sex workers in India are a traditionally stigmatized group, with high prevalence of HIV 10 and levels of stigma and violence that relate to the context of their work. 14 Yet, despite substantial investigation of their reproductive and sexual health needs, there is virtually no information on suicide and its determinants among female sex workers from low-and middle-income countries.…”

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confidence: 99%

Suicidal Behavior Among Female Sex Workers in Goa, India: The Silent Epidemic

Shahmanesh¹,

Wayal²,

Cowan³

et al. 2009

Am J Public Health

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Objectives. We sought to study suicidal behavior prevalence and its association with social and gender disadvantage, sex work, and health factors among female sex workers in Goa, India. Methods. Using respondent-driven sampling, we recruited 326 sex workers in Goa for an interviewer-administered questionnaire regarding self-harming behaviors, sociodemographics, sex work, gender disadvantage, and health. Participants were tested for sexually transmitted infections. We used multivariate analysis to define suicide attempt determinants. Results. Nineteen percent of sex workers in the sample reported attempted suicide in the past 3 months. Attempts were independently associated with intimate partner violence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.38, 5.28), violence from others (AOR = 2.26; 95% CI = 1.15, 4.45), entrapment (AOR = 2.76; 95% CI = 1.11, 6.83), regular customers (AOR = 3.20; 95% CI = 1.61, 6.35), and worsening mental health (AOR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.11). Lower suicide attempt likelihood was associated with Kannad ethnicity, HIV prevention services, and having a child. Conclusions. Suicidal behaviors among sex workers were common and associated with gender disadvantage and poor mental health. India's widespread HIV-prevention programs for sex workers provide an opportunity for community-based interventions against gender-based violence and for mental health services delivery.

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Experiences of Harassment, Discrimination, and Physical Violence Among Young Gay and Bisexual Men

Abstract: Absent policies preventing anti-gay mistreatment, empowerment and community-building programs are needed for young gay/bisexual men to both create safe social settings and help them cope with the psychological effects of these events.

Cited by 335 publications

References 24 publications

Modeling Minority Stress Effects on Homelessness and Health Disparities among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men

Modeling Minority Stress Effects on Homelessness and Health Disparities among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men

Impact of Recent Stressful Experiences on HIV-Risk-Related Behaviors

Suicidal Behavior Among Female Sex Workers in Goa, India: The Silent Epidemic

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