Experiences of Indonesian nurses as Hajj health personnel in caring for Hajj pilgrims: A qualitative study

Abstract

Background: Investigating the experiences and roles of nurses during Hajj is vital due to the unique public health challenges posed by the mass gathering of diverse pilgrims. Nurses play a crucial role in disease surveillance, infection control, and managing emergencies like heat stroke and injuries. Their insights can improve emergency preparedness and public health management. Objective: This study aimed to explore the experiences of Indonesian nurses as Hajj health personnel caring for Hajj pilgrims during the 2023 Hajj season. Methods: This study employed a qualitative descriptive design and selected participants through purposive sampling from hospitals, public healthcare centers, and clinics in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Nine nurses participated in the research, and data were collected through a focus group discussion in December 2023. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Six themes emerged, including practicing ethical principles in providing health care during the hajj process, competency qualifications as a health worker, the health care process during Hajj, legal Requirements for Hajj, the importance of therapeutic communication skills to establish cooperation with various parties, and recognizing the role of duties and responsibilities during the hajj process. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the importance of competencies, ethics, communication, and strategic planning in Hajj healthcare. Effective online communication, especially via WhatsApp, was crucial for coordination. The findings emphasize the need for strategic workforce planning, resource allocation, and continuous training to enhance care quality for pilgrims, informing better planning and policy development for future Hajj seasons.