Experiences of sexual violence and relocation in the lives of HIV infected Canadian women

McKeown, Iris; Reid, Steven; Orr, Pamela

doi:10.3402/ijch.v63i0.17944

Cited by 15 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Our study does have a number of limitations. First, our childhood adversity measure does not contain an item specific to sexual abuse, a critically important adverse childhood experience known to be more prevalent in women, MSM, and people who use drugs [ 7 , 10 , 12 , 13 ]. We presume that this form of abuse is captured by one of the seven questions; that is, “Did something happen that scared you so much that you thought about it for years after?” Second, retrospective assessment of childhood experiences may be subject to errors, inconsistencies, and recall bias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Adversities and Physical and Mental Health Outcomes in Adults Living with HIV: Findings from the Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study

Bekele

Collins

Maunder

et al. 2018

AIDS Research and Treatment

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We sought to estimate the prevalence of childhood adversity and examine its relationship with health outcomes among people living with HIV. Study participants included 1409 adults living with HIV and receiving care in Toronto, Canada. Data on childhood adversity, health behaviors, HIV outcome measures, depression, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) were collected through face-to-face interviews and medical records. Statistical analyses included multivariable linear and logistic regression modeling. The prevalence of any childhood adversity was 71% (individual types ranged from 11% to 44%) and higher prevalence was associated with younger age, Indigenous or African/Caribbean/Black ethnicity, lower socioeconomic status, and higher rates of cigarette smoking and nonmedicinal drug use. Greater number of childhood adversities was associated with greater odds of depression and decreasing mental HRQOL. HIV care providers need to screen for childhood adversities and address childhood trauma within the context of HIV care.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Adversities and Physical and Mental Health Outcomes in Adults Living with HIV: Findings from the Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study

Bekele

Collins

Maunder

et al. 2018

AIDS Research and Treatment

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“…Although studies have indicated a link between socioeconomic status and GBV [98][99][100], GBV is by no means confined to people living in poverty. Incarceration [101], minority [24,52,60,102] and migrant [103] status or relocation [104] are similarly linked, as is substance abuse [105,106], or a co-occurrence of these contexts [107][108][109]. Almost all of these studies are from the United States.…”

Section: Transactional Sexmentioning

confidence: 95%

Gender-based violence and HIV: relevance for HIV prevention in hyperendemic countries of southern Africa

Andersson

Cockcroft²,

Shea³

2008

Aids

138

114

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Gender-based violence (GBV) is common in southern Africa. Here we use GBV to include sexual and non-sexual physical violence, emotional abuse, and forms of child sexual abuse. A sizeable literature now links GBV and HIV infection.Sexual violence can lead to HIV infection directly, as trauma increases the risk of transmission. More importantly, GBV increases HIV risk indirectly. Victims of childhood sexual abuse are more likely to be HIV positive, and to have high risk behaviours.GBV perpetrators are at risk of HIV infection, as their victims have often been victimised before and have a high risk of infection. Including perpetrators and victims, perhaps one third of the southern African population is involved in the GBV-HIV dynamic.A randomised controlled trial of income enhancement and gender training reduced GBV and HIV risk behaviours, and a trial of a learning programme reported a non-significant reduction in HIV incidence and reduction of male risk behaviours (primary prevention). Interventions among survivors of GBV can reduce their HIV risk (secondary prevention). Various strategies can reduce spread of HIV from infected GBV survivors (tertiary prevention). Dealing with GBV could have an important effect on the HIV epidemic.A policy shift is necessary. HIV prevention policy should recognise the direct and indirect implications of GBV for HIV prevention, the importance of perpetrator dynamics, and that reduction of GBV should be part of HIV prevention programmes. Effective interventions are likely to include a structural component, and a GBV awareness component.

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“…Housing instability on reservations sometimes results in migration to urban areas, leaving young women vulnerable to prostitution. Although AI/AN people constitute only 1% of adults and 2% of youth in Minnesota, they constitute 11% of homeless adults and 20% of homeless youth (Koepplinger, 2009 (Farley, Lynne & Cotton, 2005;Kingsley & Mark, 2000;McKeown, Reid, & Orr, 2004), just as Māori youth in New Zealand (Plumridge & Abel, 2001) and Atayal youth in Taiwan (Hwang & Bedford, 2003) are overrepresented in prostitution.…”

Section: Continued On Next Pagementioning

confidence: 99%

The Prostitution and Trafficking of American Indian/Alaska Native Women in Minnesota

Farley¹

2016

AIANMHR

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We examined social and physical violence experienced by American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) women in prostitution and their impacts on the mental and physical health of 105 women (81% Anishinaabe, mean age = 35 years) recruited through service agencies in three Minnesota cities. In childhood, abuse, foster care, arrests, and prostitution were typical. Homelessness, rape, assault, racism, and pimping were common. The women's most prevalent physical symptoms included muscle pain, impaired memory or concentration, and headaches. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and dissociation were common, with more severe psychological symptoms associated with worse health. Most of the women wanted to leave prostitution and they most often identified counseling and peer support as necessary to accomplish this. Most saw colonization and prostitution of AI/AN women as connected.

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Experiences of sexual violence and relocation in the lives of HIV infected Canadian women

Abstract: Early intervention programs must be implemented in partnership with communities to reduce family violence and create support networks for children, youth and adults at risk.

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

Childhood Adversities and Physical and Mental Health Outcomes in Adults Living with HIV: Findings from the Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study

Childhood Adversities and Physical and Mental Health Outcomes in Adults Living with HIV: Findings from the Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study

Gender-based violence and HIV: relevance for HIV prevention in hyperendemic countries of southern Africa

The Prostitution and Trafficking of American Indian/Alaska Native Women in Minnesota

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