Experiences of stigma in healthcare settings among adults living with HIV in the Islamic Republic of Iran

Rahmati-Najarkolaei, Fatemeh; Niknami, Shamsaddin; Shokravi, Farkhondeh Amin; Bazargan, Mohsen; Ahmadi, Fazlollah; Hadjizadeh, Ebrahim; Tavafian, Sedigheh Sadat

doi:10.1186/1758-2652-13-27

Cited by 87 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…For example, research documents how stigma can negatively influence the mental health of PLWHA, leading to depression, low self-esteem, and anxiety, among other effects (Li, Wang, Williams, & He, 2009; Rahmati-Najarkolaei et al, 2010; Whetten, Reif, Whetten, & Murphy-Mcmillan, 2008). Furthermore, HIV/AIDS stigma can also negatively affect physical health as it can limit access and adherence to antiretroviral treatment, which in turn accelerates disease progression and increases the risk of HIV transmission (Earnshaw, Smith, Chaudoir, Amico, & Copenhaver, 2013; Sayles, Wong, Kinsler, Martins, & Cunningham, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of emotions in the reduction of HIV/AIDS stigma among physicians in training

et al. 2015

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Scientific literature has systematically documented the negative effects of social stigma for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). HIV/AIDS stigma has the potential to negatively impact self-care strategies for those already affected, and simultaneously hinder prevention efforts to deter the emergence of new infections. When health professionals manifest these negative attitudes access to quality health-care and prevention strategies can be seriously affected. Scientifically tested interventions to reduce HIV/AIDS stigma among health professionals are still scarce. Although the number of tested interventions has increased over the past decade, few of them target Latino health professionals or Spanish-speaking populations. Furthermore, although some of those interventions have been reported as effective for stigma reduction, more work is needed to better understand the underlying variables that account for the reduction of stigma attitudes in those efforts. The SPACES intervention has been documented as an effective HIV/AIDS stigma-reduction intervention focusing on health-care professionals in training. The intervention, which is delivered in Spanish, has been previously tested with medical students in Puerto Rico and shown significant results in addressing negative attitudes toward PLWHA. The main objective of this study was to document the underlying variables that fostered reduction of HIV/AIDS stigma due to participation in the SPACES intervention. Results evidence that health professionals in training who participated in the intervention (n = 507) had less stigmatizing attitudes toward PLWHA due to an increase in their positive emotions toward this population. In light of these results, we discuss the importance of engaging health professionals in HIV/AIDS stigma-reduction interventions that go beyond the provision of information and skills for interacting with PLWHA, and address the emotional component of HIV/AIDS stigma.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of emotions in the reduction of HIV/AIDS stigma among physicians in training

et al. 2015

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“…Başka bir çalışmada HIV hakkında geniş bilgi sahibi olma, etiketleme ve ayrımcılık konulu eğitimlere katılmış olma, yüksek eğitim düzeyine sahip olma ve dindar olmamanın etiketleme ve ayrımcılığı azalttığı gözlenmiştir (13). İran'da sağlık çalışanları üzerinde yapılan bir çalışma sonucunda, tıbbi eğitimin etiketlemeyi azaltıcı programları içerecek şekilde güçlendirilmesi, din liderlerinden etiketleme ve ayrımcılığı azaltmaya yönelik resmi bildiriler alınması önerilmiştir (14).…”

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Attitude of Health Personnel Towards People Living With HIV

Bayrak¹,

Keten²,

Fincancı³

2015

Klimik Dergisi

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Objective: The objectives of this study were to find out the level of prejudice amongst doctors and nurses against people living with HIV (PLHIV) at a teaching and research hospital, and to determine the underlying factors of this prejudice. Methods: A 39-question survey was applied to 126 doctors and nurses in order to determine the demographic characteristics of participants and to measure the level of disease knowledge and level of prejudice against PLHIV. Correlation was found between participants' demographic characteristics and level of knowledge and prejudice. Participants' knowledge and prejudice levels were scored by assigning 1 point to correct answers while assigning zero to wrong answers in the section analyzing the relationship between the level of knowledge and prejudice. The relationship between these variables was shown on a scatter diagram and estimated by linear regression analysis. Results: Though lack of knowledge and prejudice against PLHIV was found to be high among all participants, high school graduates and nurses appeared to be less knowledgeable about and more prejudiced against PLHIV than university graduates and doctors. Having worked at infectious diseases and clinical microbiology department or having followed PLHIV before did not have any positive impact on the level of knowledge or prejudice. High level of knowledge was found to be associated with low level of prejudice. In addition, it was observed that factors other than the level of knowledge were also the cause of prejudice. Conclusions: Lack of knowledge is just one of the causes of prejudice against PLHIV among health personnel. Health personnel have to be informed about PLHIV to lessen existing prejudice, and other factors that may result in prejudice need to be further researched. Klimik Dergisi 2014; 27(3): 103-8.

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“…15,26 Perceived HIV-related stigma in health care can result in testing and treatment delays, avoidance of health services, and poorer quality care as a result of nondisclosure to health care providers. [30][31][32][33][34][35] In addition, perceived HIV-related stigma in health care settings can have detrimental psychological consequences, in part because perceived stigma, regardless of setting, negatively impacts psychological well-being, 14,36,37 but also because health care providers are what Goffman termed 'the wise'. 2 They are expected to have knowledge about HIV and to not discriminate against PLWH.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, previous research has shown that this is not always the case. [38][39][40] Research on the impact of HIV-related stigma in health care has shown that perceived stigmatization in health care settings is related to decreased patient satisfaction, psychological distress, low self-esteem, the feeling that one is undeserving of care, and diminished motivation to stay healthy, 14,31,41 while positive interactions between health care providers and PLWH have been found to contribute to better treatment adherence and health-related quality of life. [42][43][44][45] Clearly, ensuring that PLWH feel accepted and treated equally in health care settings is imperative.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient and Provider Perspectives on HIV and HIV-Related Stigma in Dutch Health Care Settings

Stutterheim

Sicking²,

Brands³

et al. 2014

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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Ensuring that people living with HIV (PLWH) feel accepted in health care settings is imperative. This mixed methods study explored the perspectives of PLWH and health professionals on their interactions. A total of 262 predominantly gay men of Dutch origin participated in a survey study of possible negative interactions with health professionals, and semi-structured interviews were subsequently conducted with 22 PLWH and 14 health professionals. Again, most PLWH were gay men of Dutch origin. All health professionals were Dutch. PLWH reported negative experiences with health professionals including awkward interactions, irrelevant questions, rude treatment, blame, pity, excessive or differential precautions, care refusal, unnecessary referrals, delayed treatment, poor support, and confidentiality breaches. They also reported positive experiences including equal treatment, being valued as a partner in one's health, social support provision, and confidentiality assurances. Health professionals reported having little experience with PLWH and only basic knowledge of HIV. They contended that PLWH are treated equally and that HIV is no longer stigmatized, but also reported fear of occupational infection, resulting in differential precautions. Additionally, they conveyed labeling PLWH's files to warn others, and curiosity regarding how patients acquired HIV. The findings suggest that there is a gap in perception between PLWH and health professionals regarding the extent to which negative interactions occur, and that these interactions should be improved. Implications for stigma reduction and care optimization are discussed.

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Experiences of stigma in healthcare settings among adults living with HIV in the Islamic Republic of Iran

Cited by 87 publications

References 46 publications

The role of emotions in the reduction of HIV/AIDS stigma among physicians in training

The role of emotions in the reduction of HIV/AIDS stigma among physicians in training

Attitude of Health Personnel Towards People Living With HIV

Patient and Provider Perspectives on HIV and HIV-Related Stigma in Dutch Health Care Settings

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