Experiences of Violence and Preventive Measures Among Nurses in Psychiatric and Non–Psychiatric Home Visit Nursing Services in Japan

Abstract

Home visit nurses (HVNs) are crucial in psychiatric home visit nursing (PHVN) in Japan. However, little is known about violence toward HVNs in PHVN and non-PHVN settings. The current study aimed to clarify nurses' experiences of violence in these settings, their implementation of preventive measures, and related associations. Questionnaires were distributed to HVNs who provided PHVN and non-PHVN services. Sixty-nine (38%) of 184 participants had experienced at least one form of violence during the past 12 months, and 87 (47%) had experienced violence during their PHVN career. In non-PHVN settings, violence was experienced by 94 (51%) participants in the past 12 months and 119 (65%) participants during their career. Low use of preventive measures was found. The management of visiting schedules and confi rmation of HVNs' locations during visits were negatively associated with exposure to violence in PHVN settings. It is important to promote measures to prevent high exposure to violence, emphasize the monitoring of visits, and have nursing agencies clarify HVNs' concerns in PHVN settings.

Prevalence of type II workplace violence among home healthcare workers: A meta‐analysis

“…A total of 21 studies 2,3,6,7,9,11,13,15–23,30–34 were included for meta‐analysis. Twelve (57%) were conducted with US HHWs.…”

“…Parsing its prevalence rate into separate rates of physical violence and threat (ie, nonphysical violence in our review) was not feasible, and we needed to categorize it as physical violence. Five terms, sexual harassment, 6,7,9,11,19,31,32,34 sexual abuse, 9,16,17,19,22,23 sexual aggression, 32 sexual violence, 9,11 and sexual assault, 9,33,34 were used in the included studies to capture sexual violence. Although the first two tend to describe nonphysical, and the latter two physical sexual violence, this distinction was not always clear, and we categorized them into either category using our discretion based on the information in the article.…”

“…It is unknown why the rates are higher among professionals than paraprofessionals. The home visits made by professional HHWs (eg, physicians, nurses, physical therapists, social workers, etc) are on an intermittent basis (eg, 30-60 minutes visit once a week) or as needed, short-term (eg, for 1-2 months), and to provide skilled services such as treatment (eg, acute medical visit by physicians, administration of intravenous therapy by nurses, gait training by physical therapists), teaching (eg, teaching on selfinjection of insulin by nurses), and assessments (eg, fall risk 6,7,9,11,19,31,32,34 sexual abuse, 9,16,17,19,22,23 sexual aggression, 32 sexual violence, 9,11 and sexual assault, 9,33,34 were used in the included studies to capture sexual violence. Although the first two tend to describe nonphysical, and the latter two physical sexual violence, this distinction was not always clear, and we categorized them into either category using our discretion based on the information in the article.…”

Workplace Violence and Its Effects on Burnout and Secondary Traumatic Stress among Mental Healthcare Nurses in Japan

“…WPV may cause not only physical injuries but also psychological impacts, resulting in higher rates of fear or anxiety, anger, insecurity, depression, emotional exhaustion, suicidal thoughts, post-traumatic stress symptoms, guilt, self-blame, and shame [2,8]. The consequences of WPV include decreased job satisfaction, increased intent to leave the organization, and lowered health-related quality of life [2].WPV and its consequences among nurses in Japan have been described [10,[16][17][18][19][20]. Of respondents to previous surveys, 33-47% of the nurses had experienced WPV during the prior 12 months [16][17][18].…”

“…The consequences of WPV include decreased job satisfaction, increased intent to leave the organization, and lowered health-related quality of life [2].WPV and its consequences among nurses in Japan have been described [10,[16][17][18][19][20]. Of respondents to previous surveys, 33-47% of the nurses had experienced WPV during the prior 12 months [16][17][18]. The proportion of nurses who experienced physical aggression and verbal abuse was significantly high in psychiatric wards [16].…”