Experiences with a Permanently Installed Seismic Monitoring Array at the CO2 Storage Site at Ketzin (Germany). - A Status Overview -

Arts, Rob; Zhang, X.; Verdel, Arie; Santonico, D.; Meekes, J. A. C.; Noorlandt, R.P.; Paap, Bob

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.301

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Most of the trials have focused on the performance of the sources rather than on actual injection monitoring. A linear electromagnetic vibrator on the surface was trialled at Ketzin (Arts et al, 2013). A large eccentric vibrator was deployed at the Aquistore site (Nakatsukasa et al, 2016); however, seasonal near-surface variations precluded the use of the data to monitor the injection (Ikeda et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic monitoring of a small CO2 injection using a multi-well DAS array: Operations and initial results of Stage 3 of the CO2CRC Otway project

Pevzner

Isaenkov

Yavuz

et al. 2021

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic monitoring of a small CO2 injection using a multi-well DAS array: Operations and initial results of Stage 3 of the CO2CRC Otway project

Pevzner

Isaenkov

Yavuz

et al. 2021

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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“…The current vibrator can be Linear synchronous-motor vibrator EN65 used for shallow monitoring studies (Arts et al, 2013). For deeper targets (deeper than 1 km or so) and larger offsets, the current force is not large enough.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A seismic vertical vibrator driven by linear synchronous motors

Noorlandt

Drijkoningen

Dams³

et al. 2015

GEOPHYSICS

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A linear synchronous motor (LSM) is an electric motor that can produce large controllable forces and is therefore suitable as a driving engine for a seismic vibrator. This motor consists of two independent elements, a magnet track and a coil track, allowing practically unlimited motor displacements. This makes the LSM very suitable for expanding the source frequency band to the lower frequencies in which larger strokes are needed. In contrast to hydraulic engines, the LSM performs equally well over the whole frequency range, making possible a smaller amount of signal distortion, especially at the low frequencies. To find the feasibility of an LSM-driven vibrator, we successfully designed and built a multi-LSM prototype vibrator of some 1200 kg. We addressed the synchronization between the individual motor tracks and the different motors. To lower the energy consumption, a spring mechanism was implemented that delivered the force needed to lift the vibrator mass to its neutral position. The resonance belonging to this spring mechanism was successfully suppressed with the help of a position feedback control that also suppressed the temperature effects. The seismic data acquired in the field tests proved that the prototype LSM vibrator acted very well as a seismic source. It has no trouble generating pseudorandom sweeps, and even given its limited size, it generated signals within the low-frequency regime, down to 2 Hz, rather easily.

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“…Time‐lapse 3D seismic surveys have been used in a number of GCS projects to monitor CO 2 migration in the injection zone and overlying permeable strata 19–32 . However, this technique can be expensive, time‐consuming, and requires precise setup to ensure repeatability, making it suitable to detect major leakage events and may not be useful for early leakage detection 33–35 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross‐well pressure test analysis for CO₂ plume characterization based on arrival time and peak pressure change observations

Zeidouni

2021

Greenhouse Gases

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CO2 migration from the injection zone into an upper zone is possible through potential migration paths such as improperly abandoned wells or other weaknesses in the caprock overlying the injection zone. Various monitoring technologies may be used to obtain information on the resulting CO2 plume in an overlying zone. Cross‐well pressure testing—where water is to be injected/produced at a well and the pressure response to be observed at monitoring well(s)—has been previously investigated to characterize the CO2 plume. However, the methods proposed in the literature are not simple and may be computationally expensive either in forward modeling, inverse modeling, or both. For the cross‐well test analysis proposed herein, both the forward solution—a closed‐form analytical model—and the inverse model—a well‐posed overdetermined system of nonlinear equations—are simple. Consequently, a simple analysis methodology is presented to invert the cross‐well test data to obtain important information on the plume. To achieve this simplified approach, the migrated CO2 plume is assumed circular in shape with constant gaseous CO2 fraction over the plume area. The analysis methodology is first validated using a single‐phase model with a circular heterogeneity. Next, the methodology is applied to synthetic cross‐well pressure test data for a two‐phase system with CO2 plume. The arrival times and peak pressure change values from multiple monitoring wells are used to estimate the location and size of the plume. The estimated values are in good agreement with the actual plume size and locations used in generating the synthetic data. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Experiences with a Permanently Installed Seismic Monitoring Array at the CO2 Storage Site at Ketzin (Germany). - A Status Overview -

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Seismic monitoring of a small CO2 injection using a multi-well DAS array: Operations and initial results of Stage 3 of the CO2CRC Otway project

Seismic monitoring of a small CO2 injection using a multi-well DAS array: Operations and initial results of Stage 3 of the CO2CRC Otway project

A seismic vertical vibrator driven by linear synchronous motors

Cross‐well pressure test analysis for CO₂ plume characterization based on arrival time and peak pressure change observations

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Experiences with a Permanently Installed Seismic Monitoring Array at the CO2 Storage Site at Ketzin (Germany). - A Status Overview -

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Seismic monitoring of a small CO2 injection using a multi-well DAS array: Operations and initial results of Stage 3 of the CO2CRC Otway project

Seismic monitoring of a small CO2 injection using a multi-well DAS array: Operations and initial results of Stage 3 of the CO2CRC Otway project

A seismic vertical vibrator driven by linear synchronous motors

Cross‐well pressure test analysis for CO2 plume characterization based on arrival time and peak pressure change observations

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Product

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Cross‐well pressure test analysis for CO₂ plume characterization based on arrival time and peak pressure change observations