Experiencia Quirúrgica en el Manejo del Cáncer de Recto. Hospital de SOLCA, Guayaquil – Ecuador

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is the third most common among malignant neoplasms worldwide. Treatment choice depends on the location of the tumor, among other factors, and varies from local excision to abdominoperineal resection, adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy can be needed, depending on clinical stage. The purpose of this study was to determine the most common histological type of rectal cancer, establish the most frequent clinical stage at diagnosis, the most common surgical technique and complications. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was carried out, with 160 patients treated in the digestive surgery service of Hospital SOLCA, Guayaquil – Ecuador, between January 2011 and December 2016, with colorectal cancer histologically diagnosed and treated surgically. RESULTS: Female sex was the most affected, with 65.7%, 63.1% of the patients were diagnosed at stage III, adenocarcinoma was the most common histological type (73.7%), the tumor was more frequently located at a low level, in 67.5% of the patients. Surgery was scheduled for 83.7% of the patients, derivative colostomy was the most common surgical procedure for treatment (48.8%), and the most common complications were those related to the ostomy, in 9.4% of the patients. Immediate mortality was 1.2% and late mortality was 8.1%. CONCLUSION: This study evidenced that colorectal cancer affected with more frequency to women, mainly to people over 60 years old. Most of the patients were diagnosed with advanced clinical stage (III) carcinoma, most frequently adenocarcinoma. Derivative colostomy was the procedure of choice for most of the patients, most of them needed neoadjuvant therapy too. The most common postsurgical complications were those related to ostomies.