“…According to this view, encouraging aggressive competitive behaviour and property investment is the best way to learn about property. In his own words: "in playing property, ruthlessness in game play is encouraged through player-to-player communication where students are free to assist or mislead their peers" [Boyd, (2016), p.36]. These 'property games' show how prospective property economics students may be indoctrinated to be materialistic, individualistic, and utility-maximising, consistent with the findings of Frank et al (1993Frank et al ( , 1996 and Frey and Meier (2003).…”