Experiential Avoidance and Rumination in Parents of Children on Cancer Treatment: Relationships with Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Symptoms of Depression

Cernvall, Martin; Skogseid, Ellen; Carlbring, Per; Ljungman, Lisa; Ljungman, Gustaf; Essén, Louise von

doi:10.1007/s10880-015-9437-4

Cited by 39 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Mothers stated that they spent the majority of their time with the ill child, either in hospital or at home and therefore having no time for their basic needs. Findings in the current study are similar to those of Cernvall et al (2015), who investigated depression among 79 parents of children with cancer and reported that depression symptoms were very prevalent. Additionally, parental depression when having a child with cancer was also reported in a study in China (Chen et al, 2014).…”

Section: Depressionsupporting

confidence: 88%

An Exploration of the Concepts of Loss and Grief as Stress Responses in Middle Eastern Parents of Children with Cancer

Masa’Deh¹,

Hall²,

Collier³

2017

GJHS

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Background: Caring for a child with cancer has been found to have profound and sometimes long-lasting negative psychological effects on parents. Grief of those parents was less examined in Jordan than America and Europe. Many parents in studies carried out in other countries experienced shocke, disbelief and guilt about their child's diagnosis. This pattern is similar to the stages of grief as identified by Kubler-Ross model and this association has been identified as potentially benefitting from being further explored in differing cultures such as the experiences of Middle-Eastern parents. Therefore, this study aims to examine the experience of mothers and fathers of children diagnosed with cancer in Jordan and explore whether their narratives reflect grieving as understood through the theoretical constructs of Kubler-Ross. This study investigated the applicability of the Western grief model in an Arab community. Methods:Using a qualitative approach, 24 parents of children with cancer were interviewed. The participants were recruited recruited from the biggest cancer specialist centre in Jordan. Thematic analysis was use to analyse their results. Results:It was clear that the emotional reactions of Jordanian parents of children with cancer fit with Kubler-Ross' loss and grief model. Jordanian parents of children with cancer reported experiencing denial, anger, depression, bargaining and acceptance. Conclusions:The results of this study provide evidence that the reactions of Jordanian parents offer a clear direction for the applicability of care strategies from other communities with culturally different backgrounds. Jordanian parents, health care providers and particularly nurses should be aware that parental grieving process as identified by Kubler-Ross' model can be experienced by those receiving a diagnosis of a life-threatening illness in their child and is individualised, normal and most often ends with acceptance. Therefore, a supporting framework to those parents should take into consideration their stage of grief. Nurses and parents should know that they do not have to push the stages; acceptance will be reached once the individual is ready

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Section: Depressionsupporting

confidence: 88%

An Exploration of the Concepts of Loss and Grief as Stress Responses in Middle Eastern Parents of Children with Cancer

Masa’Deh¹,

Hall²,

Collier³

2017

GJHS

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“…Many parents struggling with their child's cancer are found to show symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which mainly comprises intrusions in the form of recurring images, dreams and trauma-related thoughts, arousal indicating increased alertness and fear, as well as avoidance shown by way of attempts to discard thoughts and emotions connected with the experienced event [2][3][4]. Research mentioned by Baran [5] indicates that 95% of mothers whose children got cancer showed the presence of symptoms of intrusion, half of them showed symptoms of arousal and 40% symptoms of avoidance.…”

Section: Purpose Cancer As Traumatic Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…U wielu rodziców zmagających się z chorobą nowotworową dziecka stwierdza się występowanie objawów depresji i stresu pourazowego (posttraumatic stress disorder -PTSD), na który składają się przede wszystkim intruzje, wyrażają-ce powracające obrazy, sny i myśli związane z traumą, pobudzenie, wskazujące na wzmożoną czujność i wystę-powanie lęku, oraz unikanie, przejawiające się próbami pozbycia się myśli i emocji związanych z doświadczonym zdarzeniem [2][3][4]. Badania przytaczane przez Baran [5] wskazują, że 95% matek, których dzieci zachorowały na raka, ujawniło występowanie objawów intruzji, połowa z nich objawy pobudzenia, a 40% unikania.…”

Section: Cel Choroba Nowotworowa Jako Doświadczenie Traumatyczneunclassified

Symptoms of posttraumatic stress among parents struggling with their child’s cancer – the role of negative cognitions and disruption in core beliefs

Ogińska-Bulik¹,

Socha²

2017

ppn

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Purpose: The study aimed at establishing the relationship between posttraumatic cognitions resulting from traumatic experiences as well as disruption in core beliefs and the level of symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTSD). Another aim was to check whether the disruption of core beliefs is a mediator between posttraumatic cognitions and symptoms of PTSD. Methods: Results obtained from 57 parents aged 25-57 years (M = 35.38; SD = 8.32), who have dealt with their child's cancer (men -47.4%; women -52.6%) were examined. Three measuring methods were used in the study: the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI) and the Core Beliefs Inventory (CBI). Results:The results showed positive associations between posttraumatic cognitions as well as disruption of core beliefs and the severity of PTSD. Challenges for core beliefs act as mediators in the relationship between posttraumatic cognitions and symptoms of PTSD. Conclusions: The experience of a traumatic event usually entails the occurrence of posttraumatic stress symptoms. The severity of these symptoms is determined by, among others, the individual's beliefs about the world and about themselves. The experience of a child's cancer is a traumatic experience for parents. Negative cognitions and disruption in key beliefs favour the persistence of PTSD symptoms. Disturbances in beliefs are mediators in the relationship between negative cognitions and symptoms of PTSD. Reducing symptoms of PTSD, and thus recovery, requires a change in beliefs that are distorted by trauma. Key words: posttraumatic stress symptoms, posttraumatic cognitions, disruption of core beliefs, child's cancer. StreszczenieCel: Podjęte badania miały na celu ustalenie związku między pourazowymi treściami poznawczymi, wynikającymi z doświadczenia sytuacji traumatycznej i zakłóceniami w kluczowych przekonaniach, a poziomem objawów stresu potraumatycznego (posttraumatic stress disorder -PTSD) oraz sprawdzenie, czy zakłócenia w kluczowych przekonaniach pośredniczą w relacji między pourazowymi treściami poznawczymi a objawami PTSD.

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“…Tego typu doświadczenia pociągają za sobą wiele niekorzystnych następstw, przejawiających się w różnych obszarach funkcjonowania. U wielu rodziców zmagających się z chorobami somatycznymi dziecka, w tym nowotworowymi, stwierdza się występowanie objawów depresji i stresu pourazowego [2][3][4].…”

Section: Wstępunclassified

Personal resources and posttraumatic growth of parents struggling with cancer disease of their child

Ogińska-Bulik¹

2017

psy

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StreszczenieWstęp: Wśród uwarunkowań potraumatycznego wzrostu istotną rolę odgrywają zasoby osobiste. Podjęte badania miały na celu ustalenie, czy u rodziców zmagających się z chorobą nowotworową dziecka występują pozytywne zmiany potraumatyczne, oraz określenie, jaką rolę w tym procesie pełnią takie zasoby osobiste, jak poczucie sensu życia, duchowość i spostrzegane wsparcie społeczne. Materiał i metody: Analizie poddano wyniki 47 osób (87,2% stanowiły kobiety) w wieku 22-51 lat (M = 35,42, SD = 6,70) -rodziców chorych dzieci. W badaniach wykorzystano Inwentarz Potraumatycznego Rozwoju, Test Poczucia Sensu Życia, Kwestionariusz Samopoznania oraz Skalę Wsparcia Społecznego. Wyniki i wnioski: W badanej grupie rodziców wystąpiły pozytywne zmiany wynikające ze zmagania się z chorobą nowotworową dziecka. Blisko 45% badanych ujawniło wysoki poziom potraumatycznego wzrostu. Największe zmiany zaobserwowano w zakresie doceniania życia. Wszystkie analizowane zasoby były dodatnio powiązane, choć słabo, z potraumatycznym wzrostem. Szczegól-ną rolę w występowaniu pozytywnych zmian potraumatycznych należy przypisać duchowości. Rozwijanie zasobów u osób zmagających się z traumą może zwiększyć prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia potraumatycznego wzrostu. AbstractIntroduction: Personal resources play an essential role among determinants of the posttraumatic growth. The study looks for positive posttraumatic changes occurring in parents struggling with cancer disease of their child and the role of personal resources, it is purpose in life, spirituality and perceived social support in this process. Material and methods: Results of 47 persons (87.2% women), aged 25-51 years (M = 35.42, SD = 6.70) who were the parents of sick children, were analyzed. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, the Purpose in Life Test, the Self-description Questionnaire and the Social Support Scale were used in the study. Results and conclusions: In the surveyed parents, positive changes occurred as a result of struggling with cancer of the child. Nearly 45% of respondents revealed high level of posttraumatic growth. The biggest changes were observed in appreciation of life. All the analyzed resources were positively associated, although weakly, with posttraumatic growth. A special role in the occurrence of positive posttraumatic changes should be attributed to spirituality. Developing resources, in people struggling with the trauma may increase the likelihood of posttraumatic growth.

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Experiential Avoidance and Rumination in Parents of Children on Cancer Treatment: Relationships with Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Symptoms of Depression

Cited by 39 publications

References 43 publications

An Exploration of the Concepts of Loss and Grief as Stress Responses in Middle Eastern Parents of Children with Cancer

An Exploration of the Concepts of Loss and Grief as Stress Responses in Middle Eastern Parents of Children with Cancer

Symptoms of posttraumatic stress among parents struggling with their child’s cancer – the role of negative cognitions and disruption in core beliefs

Personal resources and posttraumatic growth of parents struggling with cancer disease of their child

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