Experiment on Evacuation Behavior in Full-Scale Tunnel with Different Guiding Pattern

An, Wenjuan; Hu, Mintao; Gao, Jianping; Xie, Yangmin; Yu, Shanchuan

doi:10.1007/s13177-022-00327-z

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This inconsistency may be due to the fact that participants underestimated the actual influence of the group on their behavior or just have related to further checking of path in evacuation tunnel. It is worth mentioning that both voice alarm messages and evacuation signs were beneficial for the improvement of the evacuation [ 25 ]. Interesting findings are presented in [ 32 ], where it was shown that even if the sign is detected, there are always some evacuees who decide to follow the others rather than the sign.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the basis of the outcomes collected from both experiments and the literature review, it seems reasonable to use red illumination of the door in the tunnel for the evacuation passage located in the immediate vicinity of the fire (which is supposed to suggest a threat), and green illumination of those exits that are safe, giving a clear message on how to safely choose the direction of the escape route. According to [ 25 ], the induction effect of exit outline lamps and unilateral lamp strips is the best, which has the most obvious effect on increasing the identification of exit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To improve safety in road tunnels various methodologies are used. One can point to studies based on real-case analyses [ 17 , 18 ], experimental studies [ 19 – 25 ], surveys and computer simulation studies [ 26 , 27 ]. It should be stressed that the behavioral aspects of the evacuation process have become an increasingly more important subject of research over the past few years [ 22 , 17 , 28 – 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subjective individuals’ perception during evacuation in road tunnels: Post-experiment survey results

Schmidt-Polończyk

2023

PLoS ONE

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The aim of the research was to analyse the process of evacuation from the point of view of the individual’s perception, behaviour and decision making. The study used a survey method that was conducted during two real-scale evacuation experiments in real road tunnels under smoky conditions. All experiments, with fire scenarios and procedures were very similar to real accident. Respondents’ observations and important aspects affecting the evacuation process were verified, including decision-making during evacuation, loss of bearing in smoky conditions and group evacuation. The results indicate that participants in the experiments had started the evacuation due to smoke in the tunnel and fire drill. The evacuees observed decreased visibility on the escape route as well as a loss of bearing in the tunnel when smoke levels were high (extinction coefficient Cs > 0,7 m-1). The participants in the experiment evacuated in a group (when the tunnel infrastructure was unknown and there was no instruction as to what to do) and in twos under the smokiest conditions (extinction coefficient Cs~1.0–1.1m-1). During the experiments, the large impact of herding behaviour and following the group was noticed. The results of such studies based on real-scale evacuation experiments in road tunnels are essential to improve the level of safety in the road tunnel. In the surveys, the participants pointed to important issues related to evacuation, which require particular attention during the design, implementation and acceptance of this type of construction. The results of the study provide a better understanding of the behaviour of evacuees and indicate areas where tunnel infrastructure needs to be improved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subjective individuals’ perception during evacuation in road tunnels: Post-experiment survey results

Schmidt-Polończyk

2023

PLoS ONE

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“…Karl Fridolf [20] systematically reviewed the experimental studies related to walking speed and visibility and proposed three visibility-associated walking speed models based on previously established extinction coefficient speed models. Therefore, effective evacuation guidance is also the focus of scholars' research, An [21] found that both sound and light guidance can improve evacuation speed. It is worth mentioning that virtual reality (VR) technology is increasingly used in evacuation simulation experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Fire Evacuation in a Naturally Ventilated Bifurcated Tunnel

Chen,

Hu,

Yang

2024

Fire

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The natural wind velocities in tunnels under different natural conditions are distinct, and the longitudinal ventilation velocity significantly impacts the evacuation environment. This paper examines the evacuation conditions and strategies under varying wind velocities in bifurcated tunnels. Using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and Pathfinder software, the fire development and evacuation of three distinct longitudinal positions in a bifurcated tunnel are simulated. The simulation results demonstrate that the evacuation conditions for disparate fire sources at varying wind velocities are markedly disparate. In consideration of the construction cost and the maximization of evacuation capacity, the width of the evacuation doors at the three locations should be set to 2 m, 1.5 m, and 1.5 m, respectively. Furthermore, an analysis of the safety of individual personnel through Fractional Effective Dose (FED) revealed that directing evacuees towards the upstream of the fire after the fire is detected can significantly reduce individual personnel injuries while ensuring the overall success of the evacuation.

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