To study the basic mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete, four sets of cubic standard test-blocks and four sets of prismatic standard test-blocks were prepared for strength test with the variation parameter of replacement ratio of recycled coarse aggregate. The mechanical indices such as cubic compression strength, axial compression strength, Poisson's ratio, and elastic modulus were investigated by the test. Meanwhile, the replacement ratio influence factor was introduced to establish the conversion relationship of the strength indices, as well as the calculation formula of elastic modulus. Results show that the strength trend with the middle large and two ends small can be generally refined with the increase of replacement ratio. The Poisson's ratio and elastic modulus of the recycled aggregate concrete vary less within the allowable range of engineering error. The established conversion relationship of strength indices and the calculation formula of elastic modulus are simple and practical with the large fitting precision. The conclusions obtained in the study are of important reference value to direct similar engineering practice.