Experimental airborne transmission of PRRS virus

Kristensen, Charlotte Sonne; Bøtner, Anette; Takai, Hikaru; Nielsen, Jens Peter; Jorsal, Sven Erik Lind

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.01.005

Cited by 58 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The known presence of PRV and Brucella antibody-positive animals in proximity to domestic swine is cause for concern. The possibility of aerosol transmission further complicates disease prevention for backyard and transitional domestic swine (Christensen et al, 1993;Kristensen et al, 2004). The higher ratio of contact events by females to males is interesting and contrary to expectation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Feral Swine Contact With Domestic Swine: A Serologic Survey and Assessment of Potential for Disease Transmission

Wyckoff

Henke

Campbell

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

122

106

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ABSTRACT:Feral swine (Sus scrofa) are present in 38 of the 50 United States, and their populations continue to expand. Domestic swine are widely regarded as vulnerable to diseases harbored by feral swine. Our objectives were to determine antibody prevalence for selected pathogens in Texas feral swine populations and identify contact events between feral and domestic swine. Overall prevalence of antibodies against brucellosis and pseudorabies virus was 11% and 30%, respectively. Antibodies to porcine reproductive and respiratory disease virus were detected in 3% of feral swine from southern Texas. All samples tested negative for antibodies to classical swine fever virus. To determine the frequency of contact events between feral swine and domestic swine in neighboring facilities, we analyzed movement data from 37 adult feral swine that were trapped #10 km from domestic swine facilities and equipped with geographic positioning system collars. Seven of the 37 feral swine had contact (relocated within 100 m) with domestic swine. We found that contact between feral swine and domestic swine occurred predominantly at night. Additionally, we analyzed 60 consecutive days of experimental track plots around pens that contained domestic swine and empty control pens, and found greater visitation by feral swine to the domestic swine pens. Our data demonstrate that feral swine have direct contact with domestic swine, which presents opportunity for disease transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Such backyard operations are the potential points for disease introduction and prevention. Disease transmission from feral to domestic swine can occur by direct contact between animals, either through fencing, by contaminated fomites, or possibly by aerosol dispersal (Christensen et al, 1993;Kristensen et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feral Swine Contact With Domestic Swine: A Serologic Survey and Assessment of Potential for Disease Transmission

Wyckoff

Henke

Campbell

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

122

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is known that pigs may become infected via exposure to PRRSV by any of several routes: intranasal [18,45], intramuscular [18,45], oral [18,28,29,42], intrauterine [7], and vaginal [3,17,44]. Transmission via aerosols also occurs and was once considered the primary route of PRRSV transmission 1 , but it has been difficult to consistently reproduce airborne transmission of PRRSV from infected to susceptible pigs under experimental conditions [4,11,15,25,26,40,41,43]. Inconsistent replication of airborne transmission of PRRSV under experimental conditions suggests that we do not understand the conditions required for its occurrence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the stability of infectious porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in aerosols

et al. 2007

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-The objective of this experiment was to describe the stability of airborne infectious porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) as a function of temperature and relative humidity. A cloud of infectious PRRSV was aerosolized using 24-jet Collison nebulizer into a dynamic aerosol toroid (DAT) maintained at a specific temperature and relative humidity. The PRRSV cloud within the DAT was sampled repeatedly over time using SKC BioSampler impingers and the total viral RNA (RT-PCR) and concentration of infectious PRRSV (TCID 50 ) in the air samples was determined. As measured by quantitative RT-PCR, PRRSV RNA was stable under the conditions evaluated in this study. Thus, a comparison of viral RNA and Rhodamine B dye, a physical tracer, found no significant difference in the slopes of the lines. Titers of infectious virus were plotted by time and the half-life (T 1/2) of infectious PRRSV was calculated using linear regression analysis. An analysis of the results showed that aerosolized PRRSV was more stable at lower temperatures and/or lower relative humidity, but temperature had a greater effect on the T 1/2 of PRRSV than relative humidity. Based on these results, an equation was derived to predict the T 1/2 of infectious airborne PRRSV for any combination of environmental temperature and relative humidity.aerosol / virus stability / PRRSV / relative humidity / temperature

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“…These grain bins are often placed near vent fans at the ends of the swine houses. Any airborne disease such as SIV as reported by Corn et al (2009) could potentially be spread through this arrangement, implying other diseases, such as PRV, could spread via airborne transmission from feral to domestic animals (Gloster et al, 1984;Kristensen et al, 2004). Additionally, the sides of the swine houses are screened but nose to nose contact may still be possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the sides of the swine houses are screened but nose to nose contact may still be possible. Feral swine can transmit disease via contact between animals, contaminated substances, and airborne routes (Schoenbaum et al, 1991;Hahn et al, 1997;Gloster et al, 1984;Kristensen et al, 2004). For example, a feral boar attracted to a feed bin may also have contact with domestic animals through facility screening in an attempt to gain access to sows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Contact: Rooting Out the Potential for Exposure of Commercial Production Swine Facilities to Feral Swine in North Carolina

Engeman¹,

Betsill

Ray

2011

EcoHealth

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Despite North Carolina's long history with feral swine, populations were low or absent in eastern counties until the 1990s. Feral swine populations have since grown in these counties which also contain a high density of commercial production swine (CPS) facilities. Sixteen of the highest swine producing U.S. counties also populated with feral swine are in North Carolina. Disconcertingly, since 2009, positive tests for exposure to swine brucellosis or pseudorabies virus have been found for feral swine. We surveyed 120 CSP facilities across four eastern counties to document the level and perception of feral swine activity around CSP facilities and to identify disease transmission potential to commercial stock. Nearly all facility operators (97%) recognized feral swine were in their counties. Far fewer said they had feral swine activity nearby (18%). Our inspections found higher presence than perceived with feral swine sign at 19% of facilities where operators said they had never observed feral swine or their sign. Nearly 90% expressed concern about feral to domestic disease transmission, yet only two facilities had grain bins or feeders fenced against wildlife access. Due to increasing feral swine populations, recent evidence of disease in feral populations, the importance of swine production to North Carolina's economy and the national pork industry, and potential for feral-domestic contact, we believe feral swine pose an increasing disease transmission threat warranting a stringent look at biosecurity and feral swine management at North Carolina CPS facilities.

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Experimental airborne transmission of PRRS virus

Cited by 58 publications

References 9 publications

Feral Swine Contact With Domestic Swine: A Serologic Survey and Assessment of Potential for Disease Transmission

Feral Swine Contact With Domestic Swine: A Serologic Survey and Assessment of Potential for Disease Transmission

Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the stability of infectious porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in aerosols

Making Contact: Rooting Out the Potential for Exposure of Commercial Production Swine Facilities to Feral Swine in North Carolina

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