Experimental analyses of panic—II. Panic patients

Rachman, S.; Lopatka, C.; Levitt, K.

doi:10.1016/0005-7967(88)90031-9

Cited by 73 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Moreover, the fact that dyspnea was the best predictor of quality of life in women could also be related to their higher anxiety and depression scores. Dyspnea is one of the core anxiety disorder symptoms, especially in panic disorder, (27,28) in addition to being a core asthma symptom. Therefore, it is possible that in asthmatic women, dyspnea could be attributable, on the one hand, to asthma and, on the other, to anxiety.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Health‐Related Quality of Life Among Patients with Asthma

et al. 2003

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This study has a twofold objective: 1) to explore to what extent suffering from asthma affects the HRQL of men and women differently at several stages of disease severity and 2) to analyze whether the informed poorer HRQL of asthmatic women is related to their higher scores on instruments measuring emotionally disordered symptoms. One hundred fifty-one outpatient asthmatics (84 women and 67 men) completed the Spanish versions of the Asthma Quality of Life questionnaire (AQL), as well as anxiety and depression inventories. A full history, physical examination, and pulmonary function test were performed on all subjects. Patients were classified into one of four asthma severity categories following the criteria of the Global Initiative on Asthma (GINA). There were no gender differences in sociodemographic variables, asthma duration, GINA, FEV1 or dyspnea. However, women showed a poorer HRQL than men, as well as high degrees of anxiety and depression. When these data were reanalyzed taking into account the four groups of asthma severity, women only reported a poorer HRQL than men at the intermittent asthma level. The gender differences on depression and anxiety scores were maintained at the three lower severity levels, but not at the most severe asthma degree. When depression and anxiety scores were partialed out, the AQL scores maintained significant relationships with asthma severity, dyspnea, and FEV1, both in women and men. Therefore, only in men were there also relationships among AQL and sociodemographic data. The best predictor of the women's HRQL was the dyspnea score, whereas in men it was the asthma severity (GINA).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Health‐Related Quality of Life Among Patients with Asthma

et al. 2003

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“…It is likely that no single cognitive factor will account for the occurrence of all panic (McNally, 1990). For instance, Rachman, Lopatka, and Levitt (1988) noted that 27% of their clinical sample did not report any fearful cognitions that accompanied their panic attacks, suggesting that explicit cognitions are unlikely to account for the onset of all panic. This points to an important potential causal role for processing biases.…”

Section: Implications Regarding Cognitive Vulnerability For Panicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information Processing and Anxiety Sensitivity: Cognitive Vulnerability to Panic Reflected in Interpretation and Memory Biases

Teachman

2005

Cogn Ther Res

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The relationship between panic and anxiety sensitivity (AS) has been well established. Further, cognitive theories of panic have received substantial support through demonstrations of cognitive biases toward threatening information. However, past research has produced mixed findings on whether AS is itself associated with biased information processing. To explore this question, the current study examined evidence for and relationships among attention (on a modified Stroop), interpretation (using the Brief Body Sensations Interpretation Questionnaire), and schematic/memory biases (on Implicit Association Tests) in individuals with high (N = 55) and low (N = 48)AS. Results indicated interpretation and memory biases favoring threat among the high AS group, but no attentional bias. Further, the memory bias was positively related to the interpretation bias and to measures of anxiety and panic, offering the first evidence for a schema potentially related to the development of panic. Findings are discussed regarding implications for cognitive models of vulnerability.

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“…Although Schredl, Kronenberg, Nonnell and Heuser (2001) reported that nocturnal panic attacks are closely related to dreams and nightmares, they too reported that a subgroup of patients in their study experienced panic attacks in the absence of dreams. Furthermore, subjects may display diurnal panic attacks which are not preceded by catastrophic cognitions (Kenardy, Fried, Kraemer, & Taylor, 1992;Kenardy & Taylor, 1999;Rachman, Lopatka, & Levitt, 1988;Zucker et al, 1989).…”

Section: Misinterpretation Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the theory does not address cases of "non-fearful panic disorder" or "non-cognitive panic", which occur in the absence of fear or catastrophic cognitions (Barlow et al, 1994;Beitman et al, 1987;Beitman, Mukerji, Russell, & Grafing, 1993;Bringager et al, 2008;Fleet et al, 2000;Kushner & Beitman, 1990;Rachman, Levitt, & Lopatka, 1987;Rachman, Lopatka, & Levitt, 1988). A more fundamental problem concerns the development of agoraphobia.…”

Section: Misinterpretation Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear and Phobia: A Critical Review and the Rational-Choice Theory of Neurosis

Rofé¹,

Rofé²

2015

IJPS

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This article reviews the empirical status of theories of fear and phobia. Psychoanalysis received little support, as findings tend to refute its basic assumption that phobia results from repressed material. Although conditioning has its weaknesses, it appears to be the strongest explanation of simple phobia. Findings raise question as to whether interoceptive conditioning can account for the development of panic disorder and agoraphobia, as these disorders develop in the absence of environmental conditioning events. A significant body of research supports Clark's claim that catastrophic misinterpretation of bodily sensations are involved in both the development and treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia. However, the causal relationship between the two remains unclear. Likewise, while biological factors certainly increase the vulnerability to developing fear and phobia, findings have not yet confirmed that these behaviors are controlled by biological mechanisms. A new theory, the Rational-Choice Theory of Neurosis (Rofé, 2010;Y. Rofé & Rofé, 2013), which preserves the psychoanalytic claim that bizarre phobias need to be explained within a theory that accounts for neuroses by one set of theoretical concepts, was used to resolve the theoretical confusion in this field.

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Experimental analyses of panic—II. Panic patients

Cited by 73 publications

References 7 publications

Gender Differences in Health‐Related Quality of Life Among Patients with Asthma

Gender Differences in Health‐Related Quality of Life Among Patients with Asthma

Information Processing and Anxiety Sensitivity: Cognitive Vulnerability to Panic Reflected in Interpretation and Memory Biases

Fear and Phobia: A Critical Review and the Rational-Choice Theory of Neurosis

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