Experimental analysis of hybrid household refrigerators including thermoelectric and vapour compression cooling systems

Söylemez, Engin; Alpman, Emre; Onat, Ayhan

doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2018.08.010

Cited by 44 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Note that, in spite of being minimal, these intervals are significant, especially for low voltages. This might be an issue, owing to the fact that a TEM reaches the maximal values of COP when being supplied with low voltage, so many authors recommend the use of this low voltage range in thermoelectric applications [40,41]. Furthermore, these intervals will inevitably increase when the contribution of the uncertainties related to the four restrictions cited at the beginning of this section are included in the analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the reliability of current simulation of thermoelectric heat pumps for nearly zero energy buildings: Expected deviations and general guidelines

Martínez

Garayo

Aranguren

et al. 2019

Energy Conversion and Management

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This paper makes evident that a rigorous review of simulation methods for thermoelectric heat pumps in nearly-zero energy buildings is needed, as incoherent results during verification and validation of simulation models are reported in the literature. Statistical methods based on uncertainty analysis are deployed to calculate the minimum deviations between experimental and simulated values of the main variables that define the performance of a thermoelectric heat pump, within working scenarios expected in nearly-zero energy buildings. Results indicate that the narrower confidence intervals of these deviations are set by the uncertainties in the calculation of the thermoelecric properties of the thermoelectric modules. The minimum deviation in the prediction of the electric power consumed by the thermoelectric heat pump is ±6% in all scenarios. Likewise, confidence intervals for the heat flow emitted to the hot reservoir range from ±8% for high operating voltages of the thermoelectric heat pump to ±23% for low ones. In similar terms, those of the coefficient of performance range from ±4% to ±21%. These lower limits cannot be reduced unless the uncertainties in the measurement of the thermoelectric properties are reduced. In fact, these confidence intervals are due to increase as more uncertainties are added in the analysis, so wider intervals are expected when heat exchangers and complex heat reservoir are introduced in the system. To avoid so, several guidelines for uncertainty reduction are included in the paper, intended to increase the reliability of the simulation of thermoelectric heat pumps. Among them, relevant is the precise account of the aspect ratio in a thermoelectric module, as well as the deployment of temperature and voltage sensors with systematic standard uncertainties lower than 0.3ºC and 0.01V respectively. The paper demonstrates the relevance of uncertainty propagation analysis in the verification and validation of the simulation models in this field, and underlines how misleading could be just to compare average values of experimental and simulated results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the reliability of current simulation of thermoelectric heat pumps for nearly zero energy buildings: Expected deviations and general guidelines

Martínez

Garayo

Aranguren

et al. 2019

Energy Conversion and Management

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“…It is important to note that the RHCLRF17B uses thermoelectric cooling technology, so no refrigerant is used. Consequently, no compressor is required, and the unit normally operates at 100% duty (i.e., always ON) [30]. Internal and ambient temperatures are measured using a DS18B20 waterproof sensors and a TMP102 module, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model Predictive Control with Binary Quadratic Programming for the Scheduled Operation of Domestic Refrigerators

Sabegh

Bingham

2019

Energies

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The rapid proliferation of the ‘Internet of Things’ (IoT) now affords the opportunity to schedule the operation of widely distributed domestic refrigerator and freezers to collectively improve energy efficiency and reduce peak power consumption on the electrical grid. To accomplish this, the paper proposes the real-time estimation of the thermal mass of each refrigerator in a network using on-line parameter identification, and the co-ordinated (ON-OFF) scheduling of the refrigerator compressors to maintain their respective temperatures within specified hysteresis bands commensurate with accommodating food safety standards. A custom model predictive control (MPC) scheme is devised using binary quadratic programming to realize the scheduling methodology which is implemented through IoT hardware (based on a NodeMCU). Benefits afforded by the proposed scheme are investigated through experimental trials which show that the co-ordinated operation of domestic refrigerators can i) reduce the peak power consumption as seen from the perspective of the electrical power grid (i.e., peak load levelling), ii) can adaptively control the temperature hysteresis band of individual refrigerators to increase operational efficiency, and iii) contribute to a widely distributed aggregated load shed for demand side response purposes in order to aid grid stability. Importantly, the number of compressor starts per hour for each refrigerator is also bounded as an inherent design feature of the algorithm so as not to operationally overstress the compressors and reduce their lifetime. Experimental trials show that such co-ordinated operation of refrigerators can reduce energy consumption by ~30% whilst also providing peak load levelling, thereby affording benefits to both individual consumers as well as electrical network suppliers.

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“…The temperature of water used as a coolant in LCTR increase from 32 to 40.5 C. The frequent increase and decrease in temperature of the water as shown in Figure 9 were due to absorption of heat by water from the hot side of the Peltier heat sink assembly. It was observed that the rate of cooling was decreased with an increase in the temperature of the water, therefore, hot water was replaced with normal water at the interval of 1 h. The corresponding temperature of ambient air varied from 33.5 to 36.5 C. ( Soylemez et al (2018) reported that thermoelectric modules work more efficiently at lower ambient temperature.…”

Section: Experimental Evaluation Under No Load Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical design and performance investigation of evaporator water cooled storage‐cum‐mobile thermoelectric refrigerator for preservation of fruits and vegetables

Chavan

Sidhu

Alam

et al. 2021

J Food Process Engineering

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A storage-cum-mobile thermoelectric refrigeration system was designed for passive, active, and total load of refrigeration on the basis of thermo-physical properties of polyurethane sheet, heat generated by axial fan, and internal heat of commodities stored for refrigeration. A prototype of mobile thermoelectric refrigeration system of capacity 100 L (40 kg per batch) was designed and developed for maintaining the temperature of 15 ± 2 C and relative humidity of 80 ± 5%. The developed system of dimension (45 Â 50 Â 50 length Â width Â height), composed of four thermoelectric modules, liquid cooled evaporator, axial fan, diaphragm water pump, fogger, and water tank. The system was operated by 12 V DC power source. Results obtained from experimental performance evaluation indicated that 20.8 C temperature reduction was achieved in 210 min under no load operation, whereas, 23.6 C temperature reduction was obtained in 360 min when the system was loaded with 30 kg of bitter gourd. The temperature was reduced at the rate of 9.65 C/h till temperature of 20 C was attained which latter reduced to 2.23 C/h under no load condition, whereas, rate of temperature reduction was 7.44 C/h till attainment of 20 C and then reduced to 1.43 C/h under loading condition.The techno-economic feasibility of the system exhibited COP 0.85 which was significantly higher than those reported by several scientists in the range of 0.15-0.50. Developed refrigeration system can be effectively utilized as an eco-friendly technology for small scale cold storage of fruits and vegetables with causing detrimental effect to environment. Practical ApplicationsDeveloped thermoelectric refrigeration technology is climate friendly without generating any global warming potential and can be commercially used for small scale cold storage of fruits and vegetables to enhance the shelf life of produce. A developed refrigeration system is helpful for fruits and vegetable vendors to maintain the quality of commodity during transportation to minimize the decay of food and fetch good value to the commodity. | INTRODUCTIONThe principle of the refrigerated preservation of foods is to reduce and maintain the temperature of the food in order to control, reduce or stop the growth of microorganisms, ripening, browning reaction, pigment degradation, moisture loss and rate of deterioration of food (James & James, 2014). Food transport refrigeration is a critical link in the food chain not only in terms of maintaining the

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Experimental analysis of hybrid household refrigerators including thermoelectric and vapour compression cooling systems

Cited by 44 publications

References 11 publications

Assessing the reliability of current simulation of thermoelectric heat pumps for nearly zero energy buildings: Expected deviations and general guidelines

Assessing the reliability of current simulation of thermoelectric heat pumps for nearly zero energy buildings: Expected deviations and general guidelines

Model Predictive Control with Binary Quadratic Programming for the Scheduled Operation of Domestic Refrigerators

Mathematical design and performance investigation of evaporator water cooled storage‐cum‐mobile thermoelectric refrigerator for preservation of fruits and vegetables

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