Experimental analysis of hybrid low salinity water alternating gas injection and the underlying mechanisms in carbonates

Moradpour, Nikoo; Pourafshary, Peyman; Zivar, Davood

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2021.108562

Cited by 30 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Austad et al proposed the multicomponent ion exchange (MIE) mechanism is the primary cause of wettability alteration in carbonates during LSW injection . This mechanism requires the presence of PDIs in injected brine. , The mechanism involves the adsorption of sulfate ions, which are present in the injected water, on the positively charged carbonate surface. This results in a decrease in the surface’s initial positive charge and, subsequently, the adherence of potential determining cations to the rock surface due to the lower electrostatic repulsion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These methods include miscible/immiscible gas injections, surfactant, alkali, polymer, and nanoparticles. − Low salinity water (LSW) and engineered (smart) water (EW) have gained significant attention among the various EOR techniques due to their ability to alter the wettability of reservoir rocks toward a more water-wet state, thereby improving oil recovery. , Previous studies have also demonstrated that LSW and EW are cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and easy to implement . Combining LSW or EW with chemicals can create an effective hybrid EOR method that enhances oil recovery. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of pH on the Dominant Mechanisms of Oil Recovery by Low Salinity Water in Fractured Carbonates

Kashiri,

Garapov,

Pourafshary

2023

Energy Fuels

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The spontaneous imbibition process involves the fluid flow driven by gravity and capillary forces between the matrix and fractures, which is a critical mechanism in oil production in naturally fractured reservoirs (NFRs). Previous studies have explored how various rock and fluid parameters, such as temperature, permeability, connate water saturation, and initial wettability, impact the performance of low salinity water in NFRs using spontaneous imbibition tests. In this particular study, we aimed to investigate the influence of pH on wettability alteration and oil recovery in carbonate-fractured porous media through imbibition at high temperatures. To accomplish this, we utilized a combination of imbibition tests, ion chromatography analysis, contact angle study, and ξ-potential and pH value measurements to verify changes in fluid–rock interactions and evaluate the driving mechanisms of incremental oil recovery by low salinity water at different pH conditions. Our test results have demonstrated that the ultimate recovery factor for each brine remains consistent regardless of the pH levels of the brine solution. However, we observed a significant variation in the oil recovery rate by imbibition. This suggests that the pH of the contacted brine has an impact on the dominant recovery mechanism. Our analysis of ion chromatography and data on the contact angle, ξ-potential, and pH variation has indicated that calcite dissolution and the alkali effect are the primary mechanisms at different pH values. At high pH conditions, the production rates are initially low due to the alkali effect, but they increase as calcite dissolution becomes active. In contrast, under low pH conditions, the recovery rate decreases during production due to the activation of the alkali effect.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pH on the Dominant Mechanisms of Oil Recovery by Low Salinity Water in Fractured Carbonates

Kashiri,

Garapov,

Pourafshary

2023

Energy Fuels

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“…In recent years, the combination of multiple displacement technologies to increase recovery has been evaluated and proven more effective. For example, water alternating gas (WAG) flooding, − nanoparticle/nanofluid-assisted water alternating gas (NWAG) flooding, − NPs and polymers synergistic combination, − NPs assisting foam flooding, − NPs assisting surfactant flooding, − surfactant alternating gas (SAG) flooding, ,, alkaline surfactant alternated gas (ASAG) flooding, − etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Oil Displacement Technologies of Enhanced Oil Recovery: State-of-the-Art and Outlook

Wang

Han

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Despite rapid advances in renewable energy extraction and utilization, global oil demand continues to rise. Oil displacement technologies are widely studied and applied because they can extract more oil in depleted reservoirs or recover unconventional ones. This study introduces research methods and mechanisms of four oil displacement technologies, i.e., water flooding, chemical flooding, gas flooding, and steam flooding. Although oil displacement technologies are helping to meet the growing demand for oil and energy, there are still some challenges for industrial applications. Some agents adopted in the oil displacement have shortcomings in the corrosion of mining equipment and damage to the reservoir structure. Therefore, solutions to the problem are crucial and are investigated widely in the literature using experiments and simulations. For experimental research, a diffusion framework for studying mass transfer in the oil displacement process and an experimental system for simulating oil displacement in offshore reservoirs should be built, which will facilitate the widespread industrial application of oil displacement technology. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the accuracy and expand the application range of the experimental system. As for numerical simulation, reaction kinetics research is essential for selecting displacement agent materials and preventing harmful gas leakage for industrial applications. However, the dynamics of foam flooding and CO2 flooding are not thoroughly studied. Moreover, it is an acceptable research topic that reducing the uncertainty of discrete regions is an effective method to improve the accuracy of numerical simulation results. For the broader application of oil displacement technology to industry, several mechanisms regarding the research field could be studied more thoroughly and comprehensively in the future, i.e., (1) the influence mechanisms of some impurities and complex reservoir physical properties, (2) the method of combining various oil displacement technologies, (3) the T-H-M-C multifield coupling oil displacement mechanism at micro/nanoscale, (4) the cement failure mechanism caused by CO2 and H2S, and (5) the tube brittle fracture mechanism caused by stress corrosion. For the sustainable development and efficient utilization of oil displacement, this review summarizes the extensive information about four oil displacement technologies, thus encouraging and providing research topics for further development and applications.

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“…The second strategy to recover an oil reservoir is the application of processes like gas injection or water flooding. 13,14 After running the first two recovery methods, over 50% of the original oil-in-place (OOIP) stays unproduced. 15 This is where tertiary methods known as enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques are needed to help.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, the solution-gas drive (common in heavy oil production), gas-cap drive, and water drive are the three major principal recovery drive systems. The second strategy to recover an oil reservoir is the application of processes like gas injection or water flooding. , After running the first two recovery methods, over 50% of the original oil-in-place (OOIP) stays unproduced . This is where tertiary methods known as enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques are needed to help.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation and Modeling of Fluid and Carbonated Rock Interactions with EDTA Chelating Agent during EOR Process

et al. 2023

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The injection of chemical fluids into oil reservoirs is gaining widespread attention in light of the declining conventional oil resources by recovering more hydrocarbons. This study is focused on using a chemical called ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) chelating agent in a carbonate reservoir to shed light on contact angle differences of 625 aged thin sections and rock dissolution under the influence of different pHs, temperatures, chelating times, and various chelating agent concentrations in seawater. According to a rock dissolution test, at least 5 wt % of EDTA chemical is needed to obtain oil recovery. A ζ potential test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the mechanism of adsorption at low pH values and the expansion of the electrical double layer (EDL) at high pH values were responsible for wettability alteration, and an increase in EDTA concentration intensified each mechanism. Interfacial tension (IFT) measurements also showed that adding 1 and 10 wt % of the EDTA to the seawater solution reduced the IFT by 67.75% and 76.08%, respectively. The contact angle experiments demonstrated an increase in the mechanism that leads rock to behave more hydrophilically as pH, solution temperature, and chelating agent concentration in saltwater increased. Artificial neural network (ANN) methods also led to the introduction of a model to predict the contact angle employing multilayer perceptron neural networks (MPNN) and cascade feedforward neural networks (CFFNN). The CFFNN with two hidden neurons and trained by the Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation algorithm is the most accurate model when comparing the accuracy of models for predicting contact angle values. The CFFNN model indicated that the weight percentage of the chelating chemical, which has a share of about 90%, had the greatest influence on the contact angle, and chelating time, with a share of less than 10%, had the least.

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Experimental analysis of hybrid low salinity water alternating gas injection and the underlying mechanisms in carbonates

Cited by 30 publications

References 66 publications

Effect of pH on the Dominant Mechanisms of Oil Recovery by Low Salinity Water in Fractured Carbonates

Effect of pH on the Dominant Mechanisms of Oil Recovery by Low Salinity Water in Fractured Carbonates

Review on Oil Displacement Technologies of Enhanced Oil Recovery: State-of-the-Art and Outlook

Experimental Investigation and Modeling of Fluid and Carbonated Rock Interactions with EDTA Chelating Agent during EOR Process

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