Experimental analysis of hydroquinone used as phase change material (PCM) to be applied in solar cooling refrigeration

Gil, Antoni; Oró, Eduard; Miró, Laia; Peiró, Gerard; Ruíz, Antonio; Salmeron, Jose L.; Cabeza, Luisa F.

doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2013.05.013

Cited by 76 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In a closed HTF cycle, the step change of the set HTF inlet temperature does not cause sudden answer. Instead, sometimes it causes a fluctuation of inlet temperature or the profile of the temperature changes is not sharp enough [8,9]. In some cases it has significant influence on the overall quality of experimental results.…”

Section: Experimental Identification Of Dynamic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In literature, there are a lot off LTES experimental analyses in various dynamics conditions [7,8,9,10]. Sometimes the LTES is installed as a part of production line [10] and system is tested under real operating conditions.…”

Section: Experimental Identification Of Dynamic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Often in storage tanks construction, typical designs known for heat exchangers are used [9]. In some cases commercial heat exchangers are considered for use as PCM thermal storage systems [8].…”

Section: Construction Of Ltes Containermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental investigation of PCM thermal energy storage charge and discharge process with aperiodic (ramp) temperature inputs

Karwacki

Kwidziński

2018

E3S Web Conf.

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In recent years, the use of storages filled with phase-change material (PCM) is increasingly considered. Such design is characterized by a higher density of thermal energy accumulation in comparison with water storages. However, the optimal use of the PCM storages requires a recognition of its dynamic characteristics during the loading and unloading process. This paper presents research aimed at understanding and dynamic description of the heat transfer process in a shell-and-tube thermal energy storage. The experimental test stand and the measurement and control system are described. The investigated storage had a form of a cylindrical tank of 40 dm3 volume in which a coil made of pipes with an external diameter of 3.35 mm was immersed in the PCM. The total heat transfer area was 9.4 m2. A lumped parameter model was used to describe mathematically the storage thermal dynamics. The PCM used was commercially available RT15 material with the heat capacity of 150 kJ/kg in the temperature range of 10–17°C. In the investigations, aperiodic (ramp) temperature inputs were used. The storage tests were carried out for low (12 h) and high (6 h) speeds of charging and discharging. The amplitude of the input signal and the liquid temperature at the storage inlet were set to include the phase transition interval of the PCM used. The obtained test results allowed to determine the enthalpy as a function of temperature for the whole storage. The experimental results were also used to validate 0D mathematical model of the heat storage.

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Section: Experimental Identification Of Dynamic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Identification Of Dynamic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental investigation of PCM thermal energy storage charge and discharge process with aperiodic (ramp) temperature inputs

Karwacki

Kwidziński

2018

E3S Web Conf.

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“…PCM have been considered for TES in buildings since 1980, and only the PCM with a phase transition close to the human comfort can be used, which is around 20 ºC. One of these applications for PCM is climatization [10], which has different uses, for example in solar cooling, as the study of Gil et al [11] shows. Besides, inside the refrigeration area, food conservation [12,13] can be included.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Types, methods, techniques, and applications for microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCM): A review

Giró-Paloma

Martínez

Cabeza

et al. 2016

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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468

151

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Phase Change Materials (PCM) can be employed in many fields because of their capacity to absorb and release energy when it is necessary. Nowadays, the number of studies about these materials is increasing because of their benefits in energy systems. This paper reviews the previous researches and developments on microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCM) in thermal energy storage (TES) systems, focusing on the different methods of encapsulations and also the different applications of these materials. This review aims to be a useful guide for the researchers in this area, because it explains the different types of phase change core materials, the different shells, the methods to microencapsulate these PCM, the most used techniques to characterize these microencapsulated phase change materials, and a revision of the main applications.Storage these type of materials to store energy, and release it when the systems needed, for example, the chilly bins studied by Oró et al. [15] to enhance the thermal performance. Also, it is possible to use phase change materials in cold storage needs, as Oró et al. [16] evaluate, studying the compatibility of PCM with metallic materials, but a common problem in PCM cooling applications is the subcooling, which happens when a material is cooled and the crystallization does not start below the freezing temperature [17].Another very significant application of PCM is the one in the building sector [18], in passive applications like floors [19], walls [20-23] (for example conventional and alveolar brick [24]), and ceiling studies. There is another case, which is in active systems in domestic applications as heating [25] and hot water [26][27][28][29].Since PCM undergo the solid-liquid states, they need to be encapsulated for their inclusion in the final system. Due to the leakage in the liquid state when mixing the PCM with other materials, such as building construction materials [30], and because of the corrosion and the thermal reliability, the possibility to make a polymeric container for PCM, in small vessels, using the encapsulation technology and producing capsules calling them encapsulated Phase Change Material for energy storage [31] has been investigated. Encapsulation techniques vary from macroencapsulation in slabs, panels, etc. to microencapsulation [32,33]. When the sizes of these capsules are micrometers, these are called Microencapsulated Phase Change Material (MPCM), which consisted on a polymeric shell and a core made of the storage material. The microencapsulation is a process of enclosing micron-sized particles of solids or droplets of liquids or gases in an inert shell, which in turn isolates and protects them from the external environment. The captivity of waxes into the microcapsules allows to increase the heat transfer[3] and to control de volume changes when the phase change is happening. Microencapsulation methodology for PCM still needs to be improved because the microcapsules can break easily when they collide with other microcapsules when they are used in...

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“…On a practical basis, literature on tanks with a significant capacity remains relatively scarce (Gil et al, 2014;Banaszek et al, 1999;Tay et al, 2012). Most of this published work involves a characterization of the tank performance depending on the operation conditions (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproducibility of solidification and melting processes in a latent heat thermal storage tank

Bosholm

López-Navarro

Gamarra

et al. 2016

International Journal of Refrigeration

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Elsevier Bosholm, F.; López Navarro, A.; Gamarra, M.; Corberán Salvador, JM.; Payá Herrero, J. (2016). Reproducibility of solidification and melting processes in a latent heat thermal storage tank. International Journal of Refrigeration. 62:85-96. AbstractThis study analyses the reproducibility of solidification and melting tests in a tank containing 181 kg of paraffin for cold storage at around 8ºC. Firstly, an experimental campaign of 10 identical tests was carried out. The performance is practically the same in terms of PCM temperatures and thermal power, with a maximum deviation of 2% in the capacity of all tests. In a second campaign, the impact of the initial conditions was studied. The results indicate that fixing a same mean PCM temperature at the beginning of the tests is insufficient to ensure an accurate reproducibility. Depending on the heat transfer rate during the preparation tests, the capacity differed in up to 33%. In tanks with such quantities of PCM, fixing a uniform initial PCM temperature is hardly possible, thus it is important to prepare the tank with same operation conditions.

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Experimental analysis of hydroquinone used as phase change material (PCM) to be applied in solar cooling refrigeration

Cited by 76 publications

References 11 publications

Experimental investigation of PCM thermal energy storage charge and discharge process with aperiodic (ramp) temperature inputs

Experimental investigation of PCM thermal energy storage charge and discharge process with aperiodic (ramp) temperature inputs

Types, methods, techniques, and applications for microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCM): A review

Reproducibility of solidification and melting processes in a latent heat thermal storage tank

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