Experimental Analysis of the Characteristics of Artificial Vocal Folds

Reply to Letter to the Editor

“…Within their experiments using the defined artificial vocal folds, the authors measured and evaluated all the possible characteristics of the source voice. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] These characteristics are consistent with those of the healthy human vocal folds. They were defined as the vocal fold models for the loud phonation with the required source voice frequency and a possibility of changing the required voice intensity.…”

“…[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] The bubbles are generated at an interrupted and sufficiently high value of subglottal pressure (A, B points- Figure 1). Repeated expansion of sequences of the bubbles generates a source voice.…”

“…Repeated expansion of sequences of the bubbles generates a source voice. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] After the vocal folds open, the air bubbles expand straight into the supraglottal space. For this type of phonation, a higher value of pressure of the generated air pulses is decisive and essential for a source voice generation.…”

“…For during the loud phonation, the vocal folds follow the structural mode (not any non-defined motion), which lets an ''exactly defined course of a bubble'' through, which, after expansion, provides a required shape of the discreet spectrum of the source voice [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] and not any general shape of the bubble.…”

Identification of geometric parameters influencing the flow-induced vibration of a two-layer self-oscillating computational vocal fold model

“…Simplified, self-oscillating continuumtype synthetic models of the vocal folds have been used to study various aspects of this system, such as aerodynamic energy transfer (Thomson et al, 2005), coupling of subglottal acoustics with vocal fold models (Zhang et al, 2006a), acoustically and aerodynamically driven modes of vibration (Zhang et al, 2006b;Zhang et al, 2009), glottal airflow (Neubauer et al, 2007Drechsel and Thomson, 2008), material asymmetries (Pickup and Thomson, 2009), flow-structureacoustic interactions (Becker et al, 2009), and subglottal flow (Misun et al, 2011). Synthetic models such as these are inexpensive, durable, relatively easy to fabricate, and conveniently parameterized.…”