Experimental analysis of the writing movement.

Freeman, Frank N.

doi:10.1037/h0093085

Cited by 95 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These predictions can be verified from the data reported by Brown and Cook (1981), Gielen et al (1985), Goggin (1989), and Mustard and Lee (1987). It is also predicted that the maximum velocity increases with displacement, as observed by many researchers (Binet & Courtier 1893;Freeman 1914;Hoffman & Stick 1986;Jeannerod 1984;Milner 1986). For a specific distance interval, the latter relationship can be approximated by a straight line with a positive intercept; this is consistent with Wadman et al (1979) and Milner (1986).…”

Section: The Delta-lognormal Lawsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…It simply emerges from the vectorial summation process. Plamondon and Guerfali (1996b) have shown that the kinematic theory can easily take into account several well-known phenomena in the field of handwriting: the spatial scaling (Freeman 1914), the isochrony principle (Binet & Courtier 1893), the two-thirds power law (Laquaniti et al 1983), the effector independence (Merton 1972), and so forth. They also show how handwriting characteristics such as dimension, slant, baseline, and shape are affected and controlled using an action Figure R14.…”

Section: R41 New Explanations To Some Classical Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distance versus position information in the control of aiming movements

Wieringen¹,

Beek²

1997

Behav Brain Sci

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Abstract:This target article presents a critical survey of the scientific literature dealing with the speed/accuracy trade-offs in rapid-aimed movements. It highlights the numerous mathematical and theoretical interpretations that have been proposed in recent decades. Although the variety of points of view reflects the richness of the field and the high degree of interest that such basic phenomena attract in the understanding of human movements, it calls into question the ability of 'many models to explain the basic observations consistently reported in the field. This target article summarizes the kinematic theory of rapid human movements, proposed recently by R. Plamondon (1993b; 1993c;, and analyzes its predictions in the context of speed/accuracy trade-offs. Data from human movement literature are reanalyzed and reinterpreted in the context of the new theory. It is shown that the various aspects of speed/accuracy tradeoffs can be taken into account by considering the asymptotic behavior of a large number of coupled linear systems, from which a deltalognormal law can be derived to describe the velocity profile of an end-effector driven by a neuromuscular synergy. This law not only describes velocity profiles almost perfectly, it also predicts the kinematic properties of simple rapid movements and provides a consistent framework for the analysis of different types of speed/accuracy trade-offs using a quadratic (or power) law that emerges from the model.

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Section: The Delta-lognormal Lawsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: R41 New Explanations To Some Classical Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distance versus position information in the control of aiming movements

Wieringen¹,

Beek²

1997

Behav Brain Sci

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“…This relation between movement velocity and its linear extent, which seems to be an ordinary feature of different types of movement, has been observed both in humans (e.g., Freund & Büdingen, 1978;Viviani & Terzuolo, 1982) and in non-human primates (Sartori, Ciani, Bulgheroni, & Castiello, 2013). Previous studies have shown that the total writing duration remains invariant irrespective of the size of the word or letter (Freeman, 1914;Lacquaniti, Terzuolo, & Viviani, 1983;. This implies that there is a compensation mechanism whereby writing speed changes in accordance to the size of what is being written, i.e., the writer naturally increases the speed of handwriting when asked to write bigger.…”

Section: Principles Of the Rhythmic Organization Of Handwritingmentioning

confidence: 83%

Dyslexic children fail to comply with the rhythmic constraints of handwriting

Pagliarini

Guasti

Toneatto

et al. 2015

Human Movement Science

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“…In this perspective, the vectorial deltalognormal model highlights the interactive role of shape, size and time in handwriting control. Many papers have been published on spatial or temporal invariance across changes in writing conditions (Freeman 1914 Thomassen and Teulings 1985;Wright 1990). Typical studies on these topics deal with specific measurements of spatiotemporal variables for words with a similar shape but of different size, words of similar size but a different shape, as well as words of similar shape written at different speeds.…”

Section: Temporal and Spatial Control And Invariancementioning

confidence: 99%

The generation of handwriting with delta-lognormal synergies

Plamondon

Guerfali

1998

Biological Cybernetics

108

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This paper presents a handwriting generation model that takes advantage of the asymptotic impulse response of neuromuscular networks to produce and control complex two-dimensional synergistic movements. A parametric definition of a ballistic stroke in the context of the kinematic theory of rapid human movements is given. Two types of parameters are used: command and system parameters. The first group provides a representation of the action plan while the second takes into account the temporal properties of the neuromuscular systems executing that plan. Handwriting is described as the time superimposition of basic discontinuous strokes that results in a continuous summation of delta-lognormal velocity vectors. The model leads to trajectory reconstruction, both in the spatial and in the kinematic domain. According to this new paradigm, the angular velocity does not have to be controlled independently and continuously; it naturally emerges from the vectorial summation process. Several psychophysical phenomena related to two-dimensional movements are explained and analyzed in the context of the model: the speed/accuracy tradeoffs, spatial scaling, the isochrony principle, the two-thirds power law, effector independence, etc. The overall approach also shows how basic handwriting characteristics (dimension, slant, baseline, shape, etc.) are affected and controlled using an action plan made up of virtual targets fed into a neuromuscular synergy that is governed by a delta-lognormal law.

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Experimental analysis of the writing movement.

Abstract: |P^» jo-Speed carves of letters written by children, Nos, 105, in, 133 and 11? written large,, and Nos. jb?, 12s, "3 and 119 written .between lines

Cited by 95 publications

References 8 publications

Distance versus position information in the control of aiming movements

Distance versus position information in the control of aiming movements

Dyslexic children fail to comply with the rhythmic constraints of handwriting

The generation of handwriting with delta-lognormal synergies

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