Experimental and Analytical Investigation of the Re-Melting Effect in the Manufacturing of 316L by Direct Energy Deposition (DED) Method

Abstract

In this study, the effects of the laser power (2000 W, 2250 W, 2500 W), scanning speed (0.6, 0.8, 1 m/min), and powder feed rate (10, 12.5, 15 g/min) on material structures and their mechanical properties were investigated in the production of 316L stainless steels through Direct Energy Deposition (DED). In addition, changes in the microstructure caused by the re-melting process were also investigated. Optimized process parameters were modeled using the CFD software (FLOW 3D V3.0). In order to see the effects on the density and mechanical properties, the sample production was repeated as a build and by applying the re-melting process between the layers. When the energy density and powder feed rate are considered together, it has been determined that the deposition rate increases in direct proportion to the energy density and tends to decrease inversely with the powder feed rate. When the experimental and analysis results of the single clad height are compared, it is seen that the values obtained are very approximate. It has been observed that the most important parameters affecting the formation of porosity are the energy density and powder feed density. Re-melting slightly affects the microstructure of the material and causes grain growth. Changes in the impact strength of the re-melted samples were observed depending on the energy density.

Construction of antibacterial bone implants and their application in bone regeneration

“…DED uses different light sources to selectively deposit material layer by layer, also known as laser metal deposition (LMD) or laser engineering mesh forming (LENS). 50 The materials used in the DED process include metal powders such as tantalum, titanium, stainless steel, aluminum, and cobalt, and some polymer powders or long filaments. Scaffold produced through DED technology exhibits good mechanical properties and lower costs.…”