Experimental and FE analyses of the crushing and bending behaviors of GMT and hybrid-formed Al-GMT structures

Jayakumar, Saarvesh; Hajdarevic, Amir; Anand, Sharath; Fang, Xiangfan

doi:10.1016/j.tws.2023.110648

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Fractured spot welds change the load state significantly, and to mimic the entire deformation process is very difficult. Recently published studies of hybrid double-hat profiles also showed some discrepancy between simulation and experiments beyond displacements of 60 mm, in this case due to more a complex and unstable behaviour caused by a failure of adhesive bonding [72].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Evaluation of Crashworthiness Using High-Speed Imaging, 3D Digital Image Correlation, and Finite Element Analysis

Jonsson,

Kajberg

2023

Metals

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To promote the use of newhigh-strengthmaterials in the automotive industry, the evaluation of crashworthiness is essential, both in terms of finite element (FE) analysis aswell as validation experiments. Thiswork proposes an approach to address the crash performance through high-speed imaging combined with 3D digital image correlation (3D-DIC). By tracking the deformation of the component continuously, cracks can be identified and coupled to the load and intrusion history of the experiment. The so-called crash index (CI) and its decreasing rate (CIDR) can then be estimated using only one single (or a few) component, instead of a set of components with different levels of intrusion and crushing. Crash boxes were axially and dynamically compressed to evaluate the crashworthiness of TRIP-aided bainite ferrite steel and press-hardenable steel. Acalibrated rate-dependent constitutivemodel, and a phenomenological damage model were used to simulate the crash box testing. The absorbed energy, the plastic deformation, and the CIDR were evaluated and compared to the experimentally counterparts. When applying the proposed method to evaluate the CIDR, a good agreement was found when using CI:s reported by other authors using large sets of crash boxes. The FE analyses showed a fairly good agreement with some underestimation in terms of energy absorptions. The crack formation was overestimated resulting in too high a predicted CIDR. It is concluded that the proposed method to evaluate the crashworthiness is promising. To improve the modelling accuracy, better prediction of the crack formation is needed and the introduction of the intrinsic material property, fracture toughness, is suggested for future investigations and model improvements.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Evaluation of Crashworthiness Using High-Speed Imaging, 3D Digital Image Correlation, and Finite Element Analysis

Jonsson,

Kajberg

2023

Metals

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“…At room temperature, the PP-X121 F42 was able to reach a tensile strength of around 226 MPa, and at a higher temperature of 95 • C, the loss in tensile strength was also comparatively small, as can be seen in Figure 6b. The performance of the PP-X121 F42 material in impact load cases is also superior due to the underlying material architecture, as can be seen in [35].…”

Section: Architecture Of Pp-x121 F42mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…When the extrudate is pressed into the desired rib structure through compression molding, the fibres flow only up to a certain depth of the ribs. The fibres undergo a phenomenon called the "bridging effect", where, due to the complex fibre architecture, the fibres tend not to flow the complete length of the ribs and stop halfway through the rib [35,36]. The endless glass fibres form a layer of woven fabric with an 80-20% where there are 80% of the fibres in the longitudinal direction and 20% of th transverse direction with a biaxial plain weave.…”

Section: Architecture Of Pp-x121 F42mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization, Design, and Manufacturing of New Steel-FRP Automotive Fuel Cell Medium Pressure Plate Using Compression Molding

Anand,

Mielke,

Heidrich

et al. 2024

Vehicles

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In this work, a new plastic-intensive medium-pressure plate (MPP), which is part of a fuel-cell system, has been developed together with a steel plate meeting all mechanical and chemical requirements. This newly developed MPP had to achieve the objective of saving weight and package space. The use of compression molding as a manufacturing technique facilitated the use of glass mat thermoplastics (GMT) which has higher E-modules and strength compared to most of the injection molded materials. A steel plate was placed as an insert to help achieve the stiffness requirements. For the development, the existing MPP was benchmarked for its structural capabilities and its underlying functional features. Four different FRP materials were investigated in terms of their chemical and mechanical properties. PP-GMT material, which has both high mechanical performance and resistance against chemicals in the fuel cell fluid, had been chosen. Using the properties of the chosen PP-GMT material, topology optimization was carried out based on the quasi-static load case and manufacturing constraints, which gave a load-conforming rib structure. The obtained rib structure was utilized to develop the final MPP with adherence to the functional requirements of MPP. The developed plastic-intensive MPP exhibits a 3-in-1 component feature with a 55% reduction in package space and an 8% weight reduction. The MPP was virtually analyzed for its mechanical strength and compared with the existing benchmark values. Finally, a press tool was conceptualized and manufactured to fabricate the new plastic-intensive MPP, which was tested in a rig and validated in the FE model.

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“…The Air experiment drop process caused local debonding failure between the outer glass and outer case, as well as plastic deformation of the outer case. The PCB, batteries, LCD metal tray, LCD plastic surround, and speaker(s) all deform without producing damage and are classified as elastic-plastic materials with the property *MAT_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_PLASTICITY [29,30]. The floor and numerical acceleration are not damaged or deformed and can be considered rigid bodies assigned *MAT_RIGID.…”

Section: Definition Of the Model Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Debonding Failures of the Screen and Case during Tablet Drop

Zhu,

Jin,

Wang

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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In recent years, due to the increasingly powerful functions of tablets, more and more people have used tablets. The failure of the screen caused by debonding failure between the screen and the case of the tablet due to drops will affect the normal use of the tablet. However, there have been few studies on the debonding methods of the screen and the case of the tablet, as well as the factors influencing the debonding between the screen and the case of the tablet. Numerical analysis software was used in this paper to simulate the iPad Air (Air) drop process, and the cohesive zone model and tiebreak contact were used to simulate the debonding process between the screen and case of the Air tablet, respectively. When the results are compared to the experiments, the results show that the cohesive zone model is superior. The effects of various rounded corner radii, drop postures in the XY plane, materials of the outer case, and strain rates of PC/ABS on the localized debonding between the outer case and outer glass of the Air during the drop process were investigated. The degree of debonding between the Air model’s outer case and outer glass is defined by t, which is the ratio of the area of the deleted cohesive elements to the total area of the cohesive elements. The results show that the rounded corner radius and the strain rate of PC/ABS have less influence on t; the t of the Air model dropped at 45° in the XY plane is 37.7% of that dropped at 0° and 90°; and the t of the Air model with glass as the outer case material is 48% of that with aluminum alloy as the outer case material. These studies serve as a foundation for tablet design and material selection.

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Experimental and FE analyses of the crushing and bending behaviors of GMT and hybrid-formed Al-GMT structures

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Evaluation of Crashworthiness Using High-Speed Imaging, 3D Digital Image Correlation, and Finite Element Analysis

Evaluation of Crashworthiness Using High-Speed Imaging, 3D Digital Image Correlation, and Finite Element Analysis

Optimization, Design, and Manufacturing of New Steel-FRP Automotive Fuel Cell Medium Pressure Plate Using Compression Molding

Analysis of Debonding Failures of the Screen and Case during Tablet Drop

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