“…Some metals can be intracellularly accumulated by active transport or diffusion through the cell membrane, and localized within vacuolar or other organellar compartments and/or be sequestered by sulfide, metal-binding proteins/peptides, and other macromolecules , 4-mM K + , 0.8-mM Mg 2+ , 1.7-mM Na + , 0.2-mM Ca 2+ , 0.02-mM Mn 2+ , and 9-μm Fe 3+ . The letter a on the y-axis represents the effective concentration of a given chemical species in the mixture (Li et al, unpublished data) in urea-containing medium hydrolyze urea producing ammonia and free carbonate which results in the precipitation of metals as carbonates, e.g., BaCO 3 , CdCO 3 , CoCO 3 , Cu 2 (OH) 2 CO 3 , La 2 (CO 3 ) 3 , and NiCO 3 (Li and Gadd 2017b;Li et al 2019;Liang and Gadd 2017;Liu et al 2019;Rautaray et al 2004). Fungi can produce a variety of metal oxalates on interacting with metals and metal-bearing minerals including those of Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Mg, Mn, Sr, Zn, Ni, and Pb (Gadd et al 2014).…”