Experimental and Kinetic Study of the Effect of using Zr- and Pt-loaded Metals on Y-zeolite-based Catalyst to Improve the Products of n-heptane Hydroisomerization Reactions

Abstract

The escalating cost of Pt metal has prompted researchers to incorporate other metals into Pt/catalysts to reduce the amount of Pt. In this work, several bimetallic Pt-Zr/HY-zeolite catalysts were prepared by incorporating small amounts of the inexpensive Zr into the Pt/HY-zeolite to form an active and selective catalyst. Results showed that although half of the required platinum metal was used, the catalytic activity of the prepared Pt-Zr/HY bimetallic catalyst was higher than that of the monometallic (Pt or Zr)/HY catalysts, as a result of the improved Lewis acidity of that catalyst that resulted from the addition of the Zr metal; additionally, the branched alkanes' yield also increased. The optimum catalyst was bimetallic, containing 0.5 wt% Pt + 0.5 wt% Zr, which achieved the highest yield of isomers at 70.2 mol%, along with 82.61 and 84.98 mol% for conversion and selectivity, respectively, under 1 MPa and 250°C reaction conditions. In addition, the hydroisomerization reaction kinetic model was achieved, giving good predicted results in agreement with the experimental calculations, with an acceptable relative error. It was found that lower activation energies (about 44.5 kJ/mol) were needed for olefin hydrogenation to iso-paraffins, while higher activation energies were required for i-paraffin hydrocracking (about 138.1kJ/mol).

Experimental and Kinetic Study of the Catalytic Behavior of Sulfate-Treated Nanostructured Bifunctional Zirconium Oxide Catalysts in n-Heptane Hydroisomerization Reactions

“…These results are consistent with results reported by other authors [17,33]. In addition, a change in the relative intensity of multiple diffraction peaks was observed after metal loading and/or sulfite treatment, which is due to the fact that these loaded transition metals can act as impurities so they could cause X-ray deflection causing a decrease in peak intensity [34,35]. On the other hand, the sulfur treatment techniques for the structure of porous solids can lead to a rearrangement of atoms within the crystal lattice, causing a transition from a face-centered cubic (FCC) to a body-centered cubic (BCC) structure or vice versa [36].…”

Production of High-Efficiency Alternative Biodiesel from Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil Using an In-house Made Y-Type Zeolite Catalyst

“…The values of the surface area of the Y-zeolite documented by other authors are about 483.4 m 2 /g-cat. [41] and 244.38 m 2 /g-cat. [42], which are much lower compared to those obtained in the current study.…”

Optimization of Polypropylene Waste Recycling Products as Alternative Fuels through Non-Catalytic Thermal and Catalytic Hydrocracking Using Fresh and Spent Pt/Al2O3 and NiMo/Al2O3 Catalysts

“…The aqueous salt solution was prepared in a neck-round flask after making accurate calculations, and then it was added to the alumina Energies 2023, 16, 4871 5 of 29 with continuous stirring for 4 h at 80 • C under reflux conditions [26]. As shown in Figure 1, the metal-loaded catalysts were washed with distilled water several times before being filtered, then oven-dried at 110 • C overnight and heated to 350 • C for 2 h in the presence of hydrogen gas toward the reduction of metal to the active form [27]. Finally, these catalysts were shaped into 2 mm pellets using a hydraulic press, squeezing the powders under about 15 tones/m 2 .…”