Experimental and Modeling Process Optimization of Lead Adsorption on Magnetite Nanoparticles via Isothermal, Kinetics, and Thermodynamic Studies

Abstract

Lead has been a burgeoning environmental pollutant used in industrial sectors. Therefore, to emphasize the reactivity of lead toward magnetite nanoparticles for their removal, the present study was framed to analyze mechanisms involved in adsorption of lead. Batch adsorption studies have shown remarkable adsorption efficiency with only a 10 mg adsorbent dose used to extract 99% Pb2+ (110 mg L–1) within 40 min at pH 6. Isothermal, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies were conducted, and the equilibrium data was best fit for the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum of 41.66 mg g–1 adsorption capacity at 328 K. Moreover, a pseudo second order was followed for adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°), and entropy (ΔS°) that were calculated and revealed the spontaneous, feasible, and exothermic nature of the process.

Magnetite Oxide Nanomaterial Used for Lead Ions Removal from Industrial Wastewater

“…In the present study, the adsorption process was applied in order to remove lead ions from wastewater. This article provides novel research through the following considerations: the utilization of magnetite nanoparticles with different characteristics [27] from other magnetite nanoparticles used in the adsorption process of lead ions from wastewater [6,28,29], testing wastewater samples with different concentrations of lead ions (0.70, 1.00, 1.20, 1.45, 1.64 mg/L) from the scientific literature, and conducting experiments with two temperature values.…”

“…The application of an external magnetic field will easily isolate them from the reaction media due to their magnetic properties. Additionally, the application of magnetic separation on the nanoadsorbents provides the invaluable benefit of the rapid recovery of toxic metals from wastewater [6]. Due to their easy separation from wastewater and low toxicity, iron oxide nanoparticles are commonly used for metal removal [7,8]; in addition, if the nanoparticles are composed of magnetite, they can be easily separated from the associated pollutants [9].…”

“…Magnetite nanoparticles are a promising solution because they are hydrophilic, are super paramagnetic, and have a high surface area [16]. The efficient implementation of magnetic nanoadsorbents depends on their efficiency in the selective adsorption of the pollutants involved and their surface chemistry [6,15].…”

Highly efficient, bioactive, and bifunctional sorbent p–n–p visible light heterogeneous photocatalyst utilizing ultra-fine ZnS nanoparticles embedded in a polymeric nanocomposite

“… 64 In this model, free adsorption energy is a function of surface coverage. 65 The linear form of Temkin isotherm can be expressed by: Q e = B ln K T + B ln C e B = RT / b T where R is the universal gas constant (8.3 J mol −1 K −1 ), T shows the temperature (K), K T denotes the equilibrium binding constant (L g −1 ), B is a dimensionless constant related to the heat of adsorption, and b T (kJ mol −1 ) is an indicator of the adsorption ability of the adsorbent. B and K T can be determined by plotting Q e versus ln C e , as shown in Fig.…”

Recent Advances in Magnetic Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites for the Remediation of Water Resources

“…However, the overall stability of the resulting particles is reduced as the Pb 2+ ions accelerates their corrosion. A mixture of theoretical and experimental studies of the mechanism for the binding of metal ions to the surface of nanoparticles was conducted by Bhateria et al [50] who looked at the adsorbance of lead ions onto magnetite needle-shaped nanoparticles (average length, 100 nm). They found that the adsorption process was highly pH dependent and that it obeyed the Langmuir isotherm which would indicate the formation of a monolayer of Pb 2+ ions on the nanoparticle surface.…”