Experimental and modelling study of the radiative curing of a polyester-based coating

Véchot, Luc; Bombard, Isabelle; Praly, Laurent; Liéto, J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2005.04.004

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This knowledge is yet insufficient, as the absorption of infrared energy by a material depends not only on the spectral absorption characteristics of the material being heated, but also on the spectral output of the infrared source. 1,4 Although the efficiency of IR curing depends on both the spectral emissions on the infrared source and the coating radiative characteristics during the cure, we have not found any reference dealing with the measurement of the spectral reflectance during the cure. Spectral reflectances are measured either at the powder or the cure state.…”

Section: Parameters Influencing Radiative Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,4 The improved thermal balance uses a varying temperature varying in the thickness of the powder-coated metal sample (Fig. 2):…”

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The kinetics parameters n, m, k 0 , and E have been estimated using DSC measurements and the software Matlab together with the optimization toolbox and with the algorithm of Levenberg-Marquardt. 1,4 This parameter identification is detailed elsewhere. 1 The reader should note that the kinetic model is used not only to calculate the heat released by the exothermal polymerization reaction, but also to deduce the evolution of the extent of reaction calculated from the simulated curing temperature.…”

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They present numerous advantages, and yet they have not found the success they deserve and their applications domains remain unchanged: architecture (outdoor and indoor), furniture, domestic appliances, heaters, and cars accessories. 1 This is probably due to the fact that few global studies correlating curing kinetics, thermal modeling and optimization of the cure process have been made on the curing of powder coatings. The heating rate and the maximum temperature to which the powder coating is heated have a strong influence on the quality of the cured product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objective of the present study (which is part of a research project 1,4,5 aimed at understanding and controlling the radiative curing process of powder coatings) is:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A model of the infrared cure of powder coatings based on surface absorptivities in-situ measurements

et al. 2008

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The efficiency of radiative powder coatings curing depends both on the coating radiative properties and the spectral emissivities of the infrared emitters. This investigation is structured to develop a mathematical model using the radiative properties of the coating to describe precisely the coating temperature and deduce the degree of polymerization conversion during the cure. The reflectance measurements results obtained with a FTIR equipped with an integrating sphere are analyzed and implemented in a thermal model. These results show that reflectance values vary with the chemical composition, the pigment nature, and are influenced by the powder coatings cure. The thermal model, solved with the finite volume method, permits to compute the varying temperature within the thickness of the powder-coated metal sample and provides a good prediction of the temperature within the ''coating + substrate'' system. The experimental cure of powder coatings supporting this study was performed in a small test oven equipped with electrical infrared emitters.Heat capacity (J kg -1 K -1 ) e Thickness (m) E Activation energy (J mole -1 ) hConvective exchange coefficient DH 0 Total specific heat of the polymerization reaction (W m -2 K -1 ) kArrhenius parameter (J s) k 0Pre-exponentiel factor (J kg -1 ) m, nOrder of reaction (s -1 ) Q reaction Energy released by the exothermal polymerization reaction R Universal gas constant (W m -2 ) T Temperature (J mol -1 K -1 ) xConversion degree (K)Greek symbols a Absorption coefficient e Emissivity / Radiative flux (W m -2 ) k c Thermal conductivity (W m -1 K -1 ) k Wavelength (lm) q Ã Hemispherical reflectance q Density (kg m -3 ) sTransmission coefficient r Stefan-Boltzmann constant (W m -2 K -4 )Subscripts em Infrared emitter surf Surface

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Section: Parameters Influencing Radiative Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,4 The improved thermal balance uses a varying temperature varying in the thickness of the powder-coated metal sample (Fig. 2):…”

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objective of the present study (which is part of a research project 1,4,5 aimed at understanding and controlling the radiative curing process of powder coatings) is:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A model of the infrared cure of powder coatings based on surface absorptivities in-situ measurements

et al. 2008

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Sheet Molding Compounds

Orgéas,

Dumont

2012

Wiley Encyclopedia of Composites

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Sheet molding compounds (SMC) are fiber‐reinforced thermosetting semifinished products. They are produced in thin uncured and thickened sheets that can be handled easily before their forming process. To a larger extent, SMC is a generic term that designates such types of compounds together with the process to convert them into large composite parts, which mainly display shell‐like geometry. This process is usually compression molding. SMC are widely used in a large diversity of fields of applications (aerospace, agricultural, rail and marine, electrical and energy, domestic appliance, building and construction, and medical sectors), but the automotive and truck industries remain the drivers of SMC technology. After a short introduction, this article gives successively detailed descriptions of (i) the materials used in SMC, (ii) their compounding, (iii) the compression molding process, (iv) the final properties of SMC, and (v) SMC recycling.

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Heat flux estimation in an infrared experimental furnace using an inverse method

Bideau

Ploteau

Glouannec

2009

Applied Thermal Engineering

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a b s t r a c tInfrared emitters are widely used in industrial furnaces for thermal treatment. In these processes, the knowledge of the incident heat flux on the surface of the product is a primary step to optimise the command emitters and for maintenance shift. For these reasons, it is necessary to develop autonomous flux meters that could provide an answer to these requirements. These sensors must give an in-line distribution of infrared irradiation in the tunnel furnace and must be able to measure high heat flux in severe thermal environments. In this paper we present a method for in-line assessments solving an inverse heat conduction problem. A metallic mass is instrumented by thermocouples and an inverse method allows the incident heat flux to be estimated. In the first part, attention is focused on a new design tool, which is a numerical code, for the evaluation of potential options during captor conception. In the second part we present the realization and the test of this ''indirect" flux meter and its associated inverse problem. ''Direct" detectors based on thermoelectric devices are compared with this new flux meter in the same conditions in the same furnace. Results prove that this technique is a reliable method, appropriate for high temperature ambiances. This technique can be applied to furnaces where the heat flux is inaccessible to ''direct" measurements.

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Experimental and modelling study of the radiative curing of a polyester-based coating

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

A model of the infrared cure of powder coatings based on surface absorptivities in-situ measurements

A model of the infrared cure of powder coatings based on surface absorptivities in-situ measurements

Sheet Molding Compounds

Heat flux estimation in an infrared experimental furnace using an inverse method

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