Experimental and numerical analysis of gas flow in nodeless antiresonant hollow-core fibers for optimization of laser gas spectroscopy sensors

Bojęś, Piotr; Jaworski, Piotr; Krzempek, Karol; Malecha, Ziemowit; Yu, Fei; Wu, Dakun; Kozioł, Paweł; Dudzik, Grzegorz; Liao, Meisong; Abramski, Krzysztof M.

doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.108157

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The fiber is characterized by low loss, not exceeding 2 dB/m within the entire guidance window, which is sufficient for the proposed gas sensing approach. More information about this particular fiber can be found in [ 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quartz-Enhanced Photothermal Spectroscopy-Based Methane Detection in an Anti-Resonant Hollow-Core Fiber

Bojęś

Pokryszka

Jaworski

et al. 2022

Sensors

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In this paper, the combination of using an anti-resonant hollow-core fiber (ARHCF), working as a gas absorption cell, and an inexpensive, commercially available watch quartz tuning fork (QTF), acting as a detector in the quartz-enhanced photothermal spectroscopy (QEPTS) sensor configuration is demonstrated. The proof-of-concept experiment involved the detection of methane (CH4) at 1651 nm (6057 cm−1). The advantage of the high QTF Q-factor combined with a specially designed low-noise amplifier and additional wavelength modulation spectroscopy with the second harmonic (2f-WMS) method of signal analysis, resulted in achieving a normalized noise-equivalent absorption (NNEA) at the level of 1.34 × 10−10 and 2.04 × 10−11 W cm−1 Hz−1/2 for 1 and 100 s of integration time, respectively. Results obtained in that relatively non-complex sensor setup show great potential for further development of cost-optimized and miniaturized gas detectors, taking advantage of the combination of ARHCF-based absorption cells and QTF-aided spectroscopic signal retrieval methods.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quartz-Enhanced Photothermal Spectroscopy-Based Methane Detection in an Anti-Resonant Hollow-Core Fiber

Bojęś

Pokryszka

Jaworski

et al. 2022

Sensors

Self Cite

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“…The displayed pressure is the spatial average over the fiber length (steady-state distribution after sealing) and the capillary diameter is assumed to be equal to the HCF's core diameter, d ≈ 35 µm. This model only provides a rough estimate of the relevant timescales since the initial filling pressure is not properly considered, since the diffusion equation becomes inaccurate as the slip-flow regime is approached below 0.2 atm (slows down processes), since the gas should be assumed to be compressible (speeds up processes), and since the core is not cylindrical like assumed here (slows down processes) 69 .…”

Section: E Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental thermal noise in antiresonant hollow-core fibers

Michaud-Belleau

Fokoua²,

Horák³

et al. 2022

Phys. Rev. A

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Fluctuations of the optical length induced by fundamental thermal noise are known to set the ultimate phase resolution of fiber-based interferometers. Although this noise has been studied in detail for optical fibers made of solid glass material, its impact on the performance of hollow-core optical fibers has not yet been assessed. In such fibers, the guided light interacts only weakly with the glass material whose thermal and thermo-optic properties normally determine the thermal noise level, suggesting that a difference in performance should be expected. Based on the comparison of several interferometers optimized for phase sensitivity, we present measurements of thermal noise in the 20 to 200 kHz range in hollow-core nested antiresonant nodeless fibers (NANF) with their core filled with air at different pressures. In this frequency range, our measurements are in good agreement with the adapted thermoconductive noise model we introduce, suggesting that the thermooptic contribution from the gas that fills the core is generally dominant, regardless of the exact hollow-core fiber design. While we show that an antiresonant hollow-core fiber filled with air at atmospheric pressure is noisier at 1550 nm than a silica fiber of equal optical length and mode field area, we also demonstrate the lowest thermal noise power per unit optical length ever measured in a fiber (≈ 1.3×10 -17 (rad 2 /Hz)/m at 30 kHz) using a large-mode-area NANF evacuated and sealed at 0.15 atm. In addition to lowering the internal pressure, we predict that the noise density in this spectral range can be reduced by filling the core with a low-polarizability noble gas. Our results indicate that low-loss antiresonant hollow-core fibers can compete with ultrastable cavities for the purpose of laser frequency stabilization; when evacuated, such fibers will constitute the best option to significantly decrease the fundamental noise floor in interferometric applications currently based on conventional solid-core fibers.

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“…Optical sensors have shown supremacy over conventional sensors owing to the crucial advantages that they offer [1]. Optical sensors have exhibited great capacity in sensing physical quantities such as chemical concentration [2], humidity [3], gases [4], bio-analytes [5] etc. Photonic crystals (PhCs) have been used for various sensing applications like gas sensing [6], chemical sensing [7], temperature sensing [8,9], biosensing [9][10][11], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure-dependent bandgap characteristics in photonic crystals with sensing applications

Sherawat,

Bokolia,

Sinha

2024

J. Opt.

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The present study elucidates a photonic crystal (PhC)-based pressure sensor exploiting the change in refractive index with pressure and the corresponding structural deformation of the dielectric material. The stress-sensitive refractive indices of the constituent materials of the PhC have been considered to study the effect of applied pressure on the photonic bandgap (PBG) characteristics of the structure. The designed pressure sensor, proposed using a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice arrangement of air holes in a dielectric slab, operates in the high-pressure range of 1–6 GPa. A comparative study of the PBG characteristics with the application of high pressure has been reported for three semiconducting materials—GaAs, Ge and Si, used for the dielectric slab in the proposed structure. GaAs is found to exhibit the highest sensitivity to pressure variations and shows more pronounced shifting of the midgap wavelength with pressure in comparison to Ge and Si. The largest PBG is seen in the Ge-based structure, closely followed by the GaAs and Si-based structures. The proposed structure is suitable for high-pressure sensing applications.

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Experimental and numerical analysis of gas flow in nodeless antiresonant hollow-core fibers for optimization of laser gas spectroscopy sensors

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

Quartz-Enhanced Photothermal Spectroscopy-Based Methane Detection in an Anti-Resonant Hollow-Core Fiber

Quartz-Enhanced Photothermal Spectroscopy-Based Methane Detection in an Anti-Resonant Hollow-Core Fiber

Fundamental thermal noise in antiresonant hollow-core fibers

Pressure-dependent bandgap characteristics in photonic crystals with sensing applications

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