2003
DOI: 10.1016/s0017-9310(02)00399-x
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Experimental and numerical analysis of the temperature transition of a suspended freezing water droplet

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Cited by 200 publications
(161 citation statements)
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“…Figure 2a shows an example of temperature development during freezing. According to Hindmarsh et al (2003), it can be divided into four stages:…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Figure 2a shows an example of temperature development during freezing. According to Hindmarsh et al (2003), it can be divided into four stages:…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Actually, the shape change of the water droplet during freezing is significant as the protrusion may appear due to the density discontinuity of liquid water and solid water. Hindmarsh et al [9] verified that a single droplet adhered to a thermocouples and put in cold air changed its original spherical shape and formed a protrusion on the top side of itself. The researchers attributed the protrusion to volume dilatation.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has been postulated that with the occurrence of nonequilibrium solidification in rapidly freezing droplets the uniform temperature assumption was not valid, 23 even when the Biot number was Ͻ0.1. In previous work 8 it was found that the assumption of a uniform temperature profile in the droplet was justified and accurate for the droplet sizes and freezing conditions used in this study. As a consequence, all models formulated to predict the freezing of water and sucrose solution droplets have used the uniform temperature assumption.…”
Section: Numerical Modelsmentioning
confidence: 80%
“…Re ϭ 2R a a (8) where v, a , and a are the air velocity, density, and viscosity, respectively. The Schmidt number (Sc) is…”
Section: Droplet Surface Heat Fluxesmentioning
confidence: 99%