Experimental and numerical analysis of preload in Extended Hollo-Bolt blind bolts

Cabrera, Manuela; Tizani, Walid; Ninić, Jelena; Wang, Fangying

doi:10.1016/j.jcsr.2021.106885

Cited by 31 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Figure 5 reveals a short recovery period after each increment, consistent with experimental observations from similar experimental arrangements (Cabrera et al, 2021). After a period of seconds, the displacement of the passive structure settles to a residual value.…”

Section: Experimental Validationsupporting

confidence: 85%

Passive doubly curved structures for determining clamping forces applied to X-ray optic assemblies

Bainbridge,

Griffiths,

Patel

et al. 2023

J Synchrotron Radiat

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Clamping of indirectly cryogenically cooled X-ray optics is required to ensure effective heat transfer between the optic and heat exchanger. However, clamping forces can result in distortion of the optical surface of monochromators and mirror systems, which causes angular distortions of the subsequent beam. As such, there is a need for greater understanding of how these optics are assembled and how this affects their performance throughout their life cycle. In this paper, the potential for non-contact, in-process monitoring of the clamping force both during and after assembly using an additively manufactured passive structure based on a doubly curved hyperbolic paraboloid and designed for application to the first crystal for the I20 monochromator at Diamond Light Source is investigated numerically and experimentally. The performance of the passive structure both pre- and post-cryogenic quenching is characterized experimentally. Laser displacement measurements reveal approximately 9 µm total displacement in the passive structure per 100 N of bolt preload, corresponding to an effective magnification of the preload adjustment of approximately 2.5×.

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Section: Experimental Validationsupporting

confidence: 85%

Passive doubly curved structures for determining clamping forces applied to X-ray optic assemblies

Bainbridge,

Griffiths,

Patel

et al. 2023

J Synchrotron Radiat

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“…Mesh and material properties. Tetrahedral mesh was used in ANSYS, the mesh size of the tie rod group was set to 1-3mm according to the need, the coil skeleton was meshed using adaptive meshing, the mesh size was set to 10-30mm, the material properties are described in the subsequent calculations, and the total number of nodes is about 7.5×10 5 . Adaptive meshing was used in MAXWELL by adjusting the mesh quality option to the optimum so that it is easier to converge compared to the manually set mesh properties, where the iron screen portion is made of steel labeled 50CS350 and the coil is made of pure copper.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical analysis of Magnetic Field Applied Czochralski Method (MCZ )superconducting magnet cold mass suspension tie rod structure

Wang,

Feng,

Wang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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A Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer/Plastic CFRP rod assembly used for the 4K cold mass suspension of an MCZ magnet was presented in this article. Finite element simulation and theoretical calculations were employed to explore the patterns of electromagnetic forces and torque variations on the carbon steel magnetic shield due to changes in orientation within a gradient magnetic field. The bolt pre-tensioning force and cryogenic contraction force were also calculated. Taking into consideration scenarios that may occur in its working environment, the effects of electromagnetic forces, cryogenic stresses, gravity, transport impact accelerations, and other factors on the entire cold mass suspension structure, which includes the rod assembly and main coil frame, were discussed. The assessment aims to determine whether the structural integrity meets the requirements for use. The calculations indicated that the strength of the rod assembly structure of this model could meet the assumed usage requirements and does not exceed 50% of its rated load.

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“…Then the change of the travelling time caused by looseness of stress can be calculated as Equation (15), which is the difference between Equations ( 14) and (6). t s is TOF in the initial state.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can strengthen the reliability of the connection and influence the performance of the connection. [13][14][15] However, some inadvertent operations during installation or cyclic loads commonly cause the looseness of preload in bolts, which may fail to provide the sufficient clamping force required for the joint integrity and then lead to a catastrophic failure of the whole structure. 9,16 Many techniques have been developed to measure the pretension of bolts in situ, including vision-based method, [17][18][19] fibre Bragg grating technique, 20 piezoelectric active sensing method 21,22 and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bolt load looseness measurement for slip-critical blind bolt by ultrasonic technique: a feasibility study with calibration and experimental verification

Gao

2023

Structural Health Monitoring

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Preload is important for the performance of bolted connections, especially for high strength bolt like slip-critical blind bolt (SCBB). There have been relatively few studies focused on detecting the looseness of blind bolts prior to this research. This article proposes a method based on the acoustoelastic effect to monitor the change in the preload in the bolt and detect the relaxation from the initial preload. The technique is suitable for such blind bolted connection because it only needs to connect with one side of bolted connection, unlike some other bolted connection monitoring methods. Considering that for SCBB, the traditional acoustoelastic technique cannot be applied because it needs the unstressed state of the bolt as baseline. The relationship between looseness of bolt load and change of travelling time is deduced. The measuring objective is then changed to the looseness of bolt load, instead of the bolt load itself. The practical processes of calibration, real-time monitoring and periodical detection are proposed, considering the application on real construction site. The tests on different configurations of SCBBs prove the reliability of the ultrasonic technique based on change in time-of-flight.

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Experimental and numerical analysis of preload in Extended Hollo-Bolt blind bolts

Cited by 31 publications

References 27 publications

Passive doubly curved structures for determining clamping forces applied to X-ray optic assemblies

Passive doubly curved structures for determining clamping forces applied to X-ray optic assemblies

Mechanical analysis of Magnetic Field Applied Czochralski Method (MCZ )superconducting magnet cold mass suspension tie rod structure

Bolt load looseness measurement for slip-critical blind bolt by ultrasonic technique: a feasibility study with calibration and experimental verification

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