Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Local Scour Around Submarine Piggyback Pipeline Under Steady Current

Zhao, Enjin; Shi, Bing; Qu, Kun; Dong, Wenbin; Zhang, Jing

doi:10.1007/s11802-018-3290-7

Cited by 33 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…For the simulations of the scour beneath a piggyback pipeline, a smaller pipeline with a diameter of d = D/3 is placed aside the main pipeline with a gap ratio of e = 0.25D. This piggyback configuration as shown in Figure 1b is similar to that reported in Zhao et al [24]. Three relative angles of α = 90 • , 45 • , 0 • between the two pipelines are considered.…”

Section: Computational Setupmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It was reported in Yang et al [21] and Serta et al [22] that hydrodynamic interference can be triggered by the additional small pipeline. Furthermore, the studies carried out by Zhao and Cheng [23], Zhao et al [14], Zhao et al [24] and Yang et al [25] reported changes in the scour beneath a piggyback pipeline compared with that beneath a single pipeline under currents. However, there are no detailed studies on the oscillatory flow-induced scour beneath a piggyback pipeline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Investigation of Scour Beneath Pipelines Subjected to an Oscillatory Flow Condition

Huang¹,

Yin

Ong

et al. 2021

JMSE

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The present study carries out two-dimensional numerical simulations to investigate scour beneath a single pipeline and piggyback pipelines subjected to an oscillatory flow condition at a Keulegan–Carpenter (KC) number of 11 using SedFoam (an open-source, multi-dimensional Eulerian two-phase solver for sediment transport based on OpenFOAM). The turbulence flow is resolved using the two-phase modified k−ω 2006 model. The particle stresses due to the binary collisions and enduring contacts among the sediments are modeled using the rheology model of granular flow. The present numerical model is validated for the scour beneath a single pipeline, and the simulated sediment profiles are compared with published experimental data and numerical simulation results. The scour process beneath three different piggyback pipelines under the same flow condition are also considered, and the scour development and surrounding flow patterns are discussed in detail. Typical steady-streaming structures around the pipeline due to the oscillatory flow condition are captured. The scour depth during the initial development of the scour process for the piggyback pipeline with the small pipeline placed above the large one is the largest among all the investigated configurations. The phase-averaged flow fields show that the flow patterns are influenced by the additional small pipeline.

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Section: Computational Setupmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation of Scour Beneath Pipelines Subjected to an Oscillatory Flow Condition

Huang¹,

Yin

Ong

et al. 2021

JMSE

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show abstract

“…where s presents local density ρ or laminar viscosity µ l . The non-staggered finite volume method is used over all mesh system [15]. In the simulation, the convective term is discretized depending on the TVD type scheme combing the first-order upwind scheme and the second-order Gamma scheme.…”

Section: Model Description a Numerical Solver Of Fluid Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis of Hydrodynamics Around Submarine Pipeline End Manifold (PLEM) Under Tsunami-Like Wave

et al. 2019

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Submarine Pipeline End Manifold (PLEM) is the converge end or termination of submarine pipelines, which is used to provide additional support for equipment in the submarine production system on the seafloor. However, PLEM is vulnerable to extreme waves (i.e., tsunami waves). In this study, a two-phase flow model is developed with the finite volume method for simulating the tsunami-like wave impinging on the PLEM. Depending on the real-world tsunami wave recorded in 2011 tsunami event, a tsunami-like wave is generated numerically depending on N-waves theory. In order to ensure the accuracy of the calculation, this model is verified against some theoretical and experimental studies firstly. Then, the hydrodynamic characteristics and forces on the PLEMs under the different tsunami-like waves are investigated systematically. Due to the flow causes strong disturbance to different parts of the PLEMs, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method is adopted to analyze the irregular hydrodynamic force signals for better to understand the characteristics of forces in the frequency domain. In the simulations, different environmental and PLEM structural variables are considered, such as wave height, pipe distance, and PLEM bottom seat length. The hydrodynamic characteristics under different tsunami-like waves passing the various submarine PLEMs are discussed, which indicates that the vortex field evolutions and hydrodynamic forces under different waves on the PLEM are significantly different.INDEX TERMS Tsunami-like wave, submarine pipeline end manifold (PLEM), hydrodynamic forces, flow field, vortex.

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“…Results showed that the drag coefficient on spanning sections of the pipeline is generally smaller than that of non-spanning sections, and due to the pressure gradient around the submarine pipeline, vortices shedding can be generated. The vortices shedding processes can cause the pipeline to vibrate [3,4]. Except for the influence of current on the pipeline, the hydrodynamic characteristics of a pipeline located near the seabed impacted by waves have also been investigated numerically or experimentally by many researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Study on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Submarine Pipelines under the Impact of Real-World Tsunami-Like Waves

Zhao

et al. 2019

Water

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Submarine pipelines have been extensively used for marine oil and gas extraction due to their high efficiency, safety, and low price. However, submarine pipelines are vulnerable to extreme waves (i.e., tsunami waves). Previous research has often used solitary waves as a basis for studying the impacts of tsunami waves on submarine pipelines, although the hydrodynamic characteristics and wave properties drastically differ from those of real-world tsunami waves. This paper numerically investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics of tsunami waves interacting with submarine pipelines, but instead uses an improved wave model to generate a tsunami-like wave that more closely resembles those encountered in the real-world. The tsunami-like wave generated based on a real-world tsunami wave profile recorded during a 2011 tsunami in Japan has been applied. Given the same wave height, simulation results show that peak hydrodynamic forces of the tsunami-like wave are greater than those of the solitary wave. Meanwhile, the duration of the acting force under the tsunami-like wave is much longer than that of the solitary wave. These findings underline the basic reasons for the destructive power of tsunamis. It is also noted that the hydrodynamic forces of the pipeline under the tsunami-like wave increase with wave height, but will decrease as water depth increases. In addition to the single pipeline, the complicated hydrodynamic characteristics of pipelines in tandem arrangement have been also numerically studied. It is believed that the findings drawn from this paper can enhance our understanding of the induced forces on submarine pipelines under extreme tsunami waves.

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Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Local Scour Around Submarine Piggyback Pipeline Under Steady Current

Cited by 33 publications

References 35 publications

Numerical Investigation of Scour Beneath Pipelines Subjected to an Oscillatory Flow Condition

Numerical Investigation of Scour Beneath Pipelines Subjected to an Oscillatory Flow Condition

Numerical Analysis of Hydrodynamics Around Submarine Pipeline End Manifold (PLEM) Under Tsunami-Like Wave

Numerical Study on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Submarine Pipelines under the Impact of Real-World Tsunami-Like Waves

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