Experimental and numerical investigation of a jacket structure subject to steep and breaking regular waves

Ultimate load analysis of a 10 MW offshore monopile wind turbine incorporating fully nonlinear irregular wave kinematics

“…Hereby, this model is believed to be more physically realistic, in comparison with the linear and constrained wave. The accuracy has been validated extensively using the experimental data [10,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30]. To overcome an issue that potential flow solution does not model actual breaking and therefore waves may become unreasonably steep, a breaking filter is applied based on the rate of vertical water particle velocity dw dt .…”