Experimental and numerical investigation of the emergency helium release into the LHC tunnel

Malecha, Ziemowit; Jedrusyna, Artur; Grabowski, Maciej; Chorowski, M.; Weelderen, R. van

doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2016.09.005

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…To evaluate the oxygen deficiency hazard in accelerator tunnels, a series of Helium release experiments have been performed in CERN's LHC [19,25]. 1000 litres (125 kg) of liquid Helium were released into the LHC tunnel with three different mass flows: 100 g/s, 320 g/s and 1 kg/s.…”

Section: Oxygen Deficiency From Helium Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risks and Hazards of Particle Accelerator Technologies

Otto

2020

Safety for Particle Accelerators

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In this section, the motivation and operation of particle accelerators are briefly introduced. Then, safety aspects of the key building blocks are treated. Magnets provide the steering forces for accelerated particles. Cryogenics provides the low temperatures required for the operation of superconducting magnets; radiofrequency technologies impart energy to accelerated particles. A byproduct of their operation is Non-ionising radiation. Another type of NIR is represented by lasers which find increasing use in accelerator applications. Finally, collimators shape the particle beams and protect sensitive elements, while dumps absorb the particles at the end of their course.

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Section: Oxygen Deficiency From Helium Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Helium release experiments have yielded precious information for the operation of the LHC and for the safe design of future accelerator facilities. Few publications of theoretical/ numerical descriptions of cryogenic releases exist [25] and in general, this field is actively researched.…”

Section: Oxygen Deficiency From Helium Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks and Hazards of Particle Accelerator Technologies

Otto

2020

Safety for Particle Accelerators

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“…The robustness and trustworthiness of this open source software has been proven multiple times in diverse and challenging applications. Among which, the works [25][26][27] deal with nonstandard and very complex flow and heat systems.…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Study of Flow Maldistribution in Multi-Plate Heat Exchangers Based on Robust 2D Model

2018

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Plate heat exchangers (PHE) are characterized by high heat transfer efficiency and compactness. An exploitation problem of the PHE is related to flow maldistribution, which can make part of the PHE idle, resulting in overheating and damage. Making geometrical modifications to the PHE can help reduce flow maldistribution. Modifications should be kept to a minimum, so as not to complicate the production process. There is a large number of possible geometrical modifications, which simply considers additional obstacles or stream dividers. To test all of them would be impractical and would also take a prohibitively long amount of time to obtain experimental measurements. A typical PHE is characterized by a complex system of channels. Making numerical calculations of its 3D model can be prohibitively time and resource-consuming. The present work introduces a physically consistent methodology of the transformation of a real 3D geometry to its 2D representation. Its main novelty is to assure the same pressure drop balance remains between the 3D and 2D geometries. This is achieved by a preservation of the same cumulative pressure losses in both geometries. The proposed innovative approach levels the pressure balance difference by adding properly designed local geometrical modifications. The developed methodology allowed a wide range of parameter space and various geometrical modifications to be investigated, and revealed geometrical optimizations leading to the improved performance of the PHE. To minimize the influence of other factors, an incompressible and single-phase flow was studied.

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“…Numerical simulations are performed using OpenFOAM, which is an open source code used in the solution of CFD problems [28][29][30]. Convective terms are approximated using the second order accurate linearUpwind method, and the diffusion and gradient terms are discretized using a second order accurate Gauss linear method.…”

Section: Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Sloshing Damping in an Accelerated Tank Using a Novel Slot-Baffle Design

Demirel

Aral

2018

Water

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A slot-baffle design used in water treatment tanks previously developed by the authors is used to suppress sloshing effects in an accelerated tank. This new application is another example of the versatility of the slot-baffle design in inducing turbulence in fluid flow systems, which has numerous uses in engineering applications. Large amplitude surface waves in a harmonically excited tank are simulated using a second-order accurate numerical model in OpenFOAM. The verification of the numerical model is performed by comparing the numerical results with existing laboratory measurements, which show a favorable agreement. Various slot configurations are studied in order to evaluate the damping performance during the external excitation of the tank. It is shown that the present design shows an effective dissipation performance in a broad range of oscillation frequencies, while 88% of the internal kinetic energy of the liquid is dissipated over thirty oscillation periods for the resonance case.

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Experimental and numerical investigation of the emergency helium release into the LHC tunnel

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Risks and Hazards of Particle Accelerator Technologies

Risks and Hazards of Particle Accelerator Technologies

Numerical Study of Flow Maldistribution in Multi-Plate Heat Exchangers Based on Robust 2D Model

Liquid Sloshing Damping in an Accelerated Tank Using a Novel Slot-Baffle Design

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