Experimental and numerical investigations of powder transfer

3D DEM/CFD analysis of size-induced segregation during die filling

“…10c and 11c). As the shoe continues to move, the powder in the shoe and those deposited in the die shear against each other, which causes dilation [42] and facilitates the sifting of the fines through the matrix of coarse particles and promote more fine particles to be deposited into the upper region of the die. Meanwhile, the coarse particles keep migrating to the surface and then accumulate at the left bottom corner of the shoe (Figs.…”

Shear cracking in an Al powder compact studied by X-ray microtomography

“…Experimental and numerical studies of die filling [2][3][4], powder transfer [2,5,6] and die compaction [2,[7][8][9][10] have provided insights into the evolution of density during each stage of this process and how it is influenced by powder properties and the kinematics of the shoe and punch motion. There have, however, been limited studies of the development of cracks during compaction.…”

Flow regime analyses during the filling stage in powder metallurgy processes: experimental study and numerical modelling

“…This is the case of DEM. This method can be understood as an alternative to circumvent the intrinsic limitations of the classical Finite Element Method when the phenomena, as in powder filling, involve large movements and deformations [13][14][15]. In DEM, the elementary units of granular materials are mesoscopic grains which deform under stress.…”

“…In the context of powder metallurgy, the most relevant results, in both experimental and numerical fields, have been developed by A.C.F. Cocks and his co-workers [13][14][15][16]. They have developed and built an experimental system in a 2 vacuum chamber so that tests can be conducted in air or in vacuum.…”

“…In the general context of granular systems, numerical simulation methodologies are many and wide ranging: Monte Carlo methods [17,18], Cellular Automata [19,20], Diffusing Void Model [21,22], Steepest Descent [23,24], Molecular Dynamics (MD), Even Driven molecular dynamics (ED) [25,26], Discrete Element Method (DEM) [27]. In powder metallurgy, the most relevant results found in the literature [13][14][15], suggest the use of DEM to study the behaviour of powder during both filling and powder transfer. Another alternative, in which the present work is framed, is the so-called Particle Finite Element Method, proposed initially in [28,29] for fluid mechanics problems.…”