Experimental and numerical investigations of dyke failures involving soft materials

Abstract

This paper presents the results of an experimental 1 and numerical investigation on the collapse of dykes involv-2 ing soft soils. Nine centrifuge tests were carried out to in-3 vestigate the dyke-subsoil interaction. The tests consisted in 4 placing a dyke made out of Speswhite clay or Baskarp sand 5 on a subsoil. The dykes and the subsoils were alternatively 6 changed to explore the different contrast in stiffness ranging 7 from stiff dykes on soft subsoil to soft dykes on stiff sub-8 soils. The small scale models were placed in the centrifuge 9 and were progressively accelerated up to a maximum of 100 10 G. The video recordings, which were then processed by Par-11 ticle Image Velocimetry (PIV), offered an insight onto the 12 deformation and failure mechanisms. The results showed 13 that dykes placed on a stiff subsoil underwent brittle fail-14 ures with the development of slip surfaces whereas the same 15 dyke placed on a soft subsoil underwent large deformation 16

Run-Out Simulation of a Landslide Triggered by an Increase in the Groundwater Level Using the Material Point Method

“…Each material point represents both solid and fluid phases. Dry soils, pure liquids and saturated soils under fully drained or undrained conditions can be modelled using the one-phase single-point formulation [34,35,45,46]. On the contrary, the behaviour of saturated soils and unsaturated soils under transient conditions should be modelled using the two-phase single-point formulation [36,47] and the three-phase single-point formulation [48,49], respectively.…”

Analysis of the Slope Response to an Increase in Pore Water Pressure Using the Material Point Method

“…The analyses presented in the following sections have been carried out using the ANURA3D code, developed by the ANURA3D MPM Research Community [46]. Two different approaches have been developed in the last years: the single-layer approach [36][37][38][39] and the multi-layer one [40][41][42][43]. A scheme of these approaches is shown in Figure 4.…”

MPM–FEM hybrid method for granular mass–water interaction problems

“…Within the MPM framework, two approaches are proposed to study the interaction between solid and liquid phases: (1) the two-phase single-point approach [10,11,15,31,39] and (2) the two-phase double-point approach [1,3,22,23,38]. The governing equations used by the two approaches are not the same.…”