Experimental and numerical studies of downward flame spread over PMMA with and without addition of tri phenyl phosphate

Korobeinichev, Oleg P.; Trubachev, Stanislav A.; Joshi, Atul Kumar; Kumar, Amit; Paletsky, A. A.; Tereshchenko, A. G.; Шмаков, А. Г.; Glaznev, R.K.; Raghavan, Vasudevan; Mebel, A. M.

doi:10.1016/j.proci.2020.07.082

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The simulation results and the experimental data show that ROS depended inversely on the slab thickness ( Figure 7 a), similarly to nonreinforced polymers [ 2 , 19 , 29 ]. With the increase in thickness of sample, a greater amount of energy was consumed by inert heating and thermal degradation of solid fuel, which resulted in the decrease in the ROS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Experimental and Numerical Study of Downward Flame Spread over Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Resin

et al. 2022

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For the first time, a comprehensive study of downward flame spread over glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy resin (GFRER) slabs in oxidizer flow has been carried out experimentally and numerically. Microthermocouples were used to measure the temperature profiles on the solid fuel’s surface and in the flame, and a video camera was used to measure the rate of flame spread (ROS). The ROS was found to be linearly dependent on the oxygen concentration, to be inversely proportional to the slab thickness and not to depend on the direction of the flame spread over the slab. The absence of the influence of the forced oxidizing flow velocity and the weak influence of the GFRER pyrolysis kinetics on the ROS were observed. For the first time, a numerical model of flame spread over reinforced material with thermal conductivity anisotropy was developed on the basis of a coupled ‘gas–solid’ heat and mass transfer model, using modifications of the OpenFOAM open-source code. The sensitivity analysis of the model showed that the thermal conductivity in the normal direction to the GFRER surface had a much greater effect on the ROS than the thermal conductivity along the direction of flame propagation. The numerical results show good agreement with the experimental data on the dependences of the ROS on oxygen concentration, slab thickness and the N2/O2 mixture flow velocity, as well as temperature distributions on the fuel surface, the maximum flame temperatures and the flame zone length.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Experimental and Numerical Study of Downward Flame Spread over Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Resin

et al. 2022

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“…Slabs of cast composition PMMA and PMMA + 10% (20%) TPP were studied as model samples. Methods for their preparation are described in [ 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: The Experimental Methods For Studying the Combustion Charact...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental setups [ 49 , 50 , 51 ] for horizontal and vertical flame propagation are shown in Figure 1 . The slabs were placed in a thin metal frame (0.2 mm thick) to prevent flame propagation along the side surfaces.…”

Section: The Experimental Methods For Studying the Combustion Charact...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of the Action of Fire-Retardants on Reducing the Flammability of Certain Classes of Polymers and Glass-Reinforced Plastics Based on the Study of Their Combustion

et al. 2022

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In the present review, using an integrated approach based on the experimental and theoretical study of the processes of thermal decomposition and combustion of practically important polymers, such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, and glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy resin, the features of the mechanism for reducing the combustibility of these materials with phosphorus-containing flame-retardants (FR), as well as graphene, are identified. A set of original experimental methods was developed and applied that make it possible to study the kinetics of thermal decomposition and the thermal and chemical structure of the flames of the studied materials, including those with FR additives, as well as to measure the flame propagation velocity, the mass burning rate, and the heat fluxes from the flame on the surface of a material. Numerical models were developed and tested to describe the key parameters of the flames of the studied polymeric materials. An analysis of the experimental and numerical simulation data presented showed that the main effect of phosphorus-containing fire-retardants on reducing the combustibility of these materials is associated with the inhibition of combustion processes in the gas phase, and the effect of adding graphene manifests itself in both gas and condensed phases.

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“…Among those, phosphorus-based ame retardants (PFRs) have proved to be a more promising subset. 4,7 PFRs inhibit combustion by capturing active free radicals in the gas phase, 8 signicantly increasing smoke and toxic gases, which are the main causes of casualties. More importantly, some PFRs have potential health hazards and long-lasting ecological risks, [9][10][11] and re is the fastest path to release and complex the products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photothermal-healing, and record thermal stability and fire safety black phosphorus–boron hybrid nanocomposites: mechanism of phosphorus fixation effects and charring inspired by cell walls

et al. 2022

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Experimental and numerical studies of downward flame spread over PMMA with and without addition of tri phenyl phosphate

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

Experimental and Numerical Study of Downward Flame Spread over Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Resin

Experimental and Numerical Study of Downward Flame Spread over Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Resin

Mechanisms of the Action of Fire-Retardants on Reducing the Flammability of Certain Classes of Polymers and Glass-Reinforced Plastics Based on the Study of Their Combustion

Photothermal-healing, and record thermal stability and fire safety black phosphorus–boron hybrid nanocomposites: mechanism of phosphorus fixation effects and charring inspired by cell walls

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