Experimental and numerical study of oxy‐methane flames in a porous‐plate reactor mimicking membrane reactor operation

Abstract

Summary The work investigates the reacting flow field, oxy‐methane flame characteristics and location, and the species distributions in a porous‐plate reactor mimicking the operation of oxygen transport membrane reactors (OTMRs). The study was performed experimentally and numerically considering ranges of operating equivalence ratio, from 0.5 to 1.0, and CO2 concentrations in the total oxidizer flow (O2 and CO2), from 0% to 55% (by Vol). Oxygen was supplied through a slightly pressurized top and bottom chambers to cross the two porous plates to the central chamber, where a premixed mixture of CH4 and CO2 is introduced. ANSYS Fluent 17.1 software was used to solve for conservation and radiative transfer equations in the full three‐dimensional (3‐D) domain. The modified Westbrook‐Dryer (Oxy‐WD) two‐step reduced mechanism for oxy‐methane combustion was adapted for the calculations of chemical kinetics. The captured flame shapes using a high‐speed camera were compared with the calculated ones, and the results showed good agreements. At fixed equivalence ratio, elongated flames were obtained at higher CO2 concentrations due to the increase in the mainstream Reynolds number and reduction in reaction rates, which delays the completeness of combustion. At fixed CO2 concentration, the increase in equivalence ratio resulted in more compact and intense flames. The effective mixing and flame stability resulted in complete fuel conversion under stoichiometric condition. Stable flames were located between the two porous plates at reasonable distance. This perfect flame location prevents the thermal fracture of the membranes and improves their oxygen permeation flux, resulting in better combustion characteristics when the results are projected on the case of OTMRs. This implies efficient and safe applicability of the OTMRs by the condition that membranes can provide sufficient oxygen flux for complete combustion. A warm outer recirculation zone (ORZ) was created beside each porous plate, which helps anchoring the flame at the leading edge of the porous plate. The range of temperature within the ORZ was 800 to 1600 K, which lies in the operability limits of membranes for the case of OTMRs. The effective complete mixing and flame stability resulted in complete fuel conversion under stoichiometric condition. The temperature and species distributions within the reactor are presented in detail over wide ranges of operating conditions. The results recommended the reactor operation under stoichiometric combustion condition based on performance and economic points of views. The results are promising when projected on the application of the OTMRs under oxy‐combustion conditions for clean and efficient energy production.

Finite volume method network for the acceleration of unsteady computational fluid dynamics: Non‐reacting and reacting flows

“…For case (2) with the general network model, only the actual variable information of the main grid was used as input and output variables, as given by Equations ( 44) and (45), respectively:…”

“…Several computational studies in various fields of research have recently investigated the reacting flows of flammable gases. [1][2][3] In particular, hydrogen explosion has been actively simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes because hydrogen energy has emerged as a potential alternative to traditional carbonbased energy sources. [4][5][6] Hydrogen gas released from the facility can ignite depending on the mixing conditions.…”

Experimental study on the combustion of low‐calorific NG/N2 in a porous burner

“…However, in both EGR and RTO, large volume regenerators are required to preheat the fresh air, and the corrosivity of exhaust gases is also a major problem for the former. In view of this, porous media combustion has recently attracted attention owing to its wider flammability limit, smaller equipment volume, and lower CO and NO X emissions 12‐14 . Further, its advantageous lower flammability limit (LFL) makes LCFG combustion possible 15,16 …”

“…In view of this, porous media combustion has recently attracted attention owing to its wider flammability limit, smaller equipment volume, and lower CO and NO X emissions. [12][13][14] Further, its advantageous lower flammability limit (LFL) makes LCFG combustion possible. 15,16 To achieve the clean and efficient utilization of LCFG, researchers have investigated the effects of porous burner structure on the LFL, [17][18][19][20] as well as on flame stabilization, [21][22][23] super-adiabatic effects, 18,20,[23][24][25] and emissions.…”