Experimental and numerical study of the effect of cure cycle, tool surface, geometry, and lay-up on the dimensional fidelity of autoclave-processed composite parts

Fernlund, G.; Rahman, Nur Aliaa Abd; Courdji, R.; Bresslauer, M.; Poursartip, Anoush; Willden, Kurtis; Nelson, Karl

doi:10.1016/s1359-835x(01)00123-3

Cited by 225 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Vacuum technologies are commonly used with this to process to limit the nucleation of voids during the high temperature process. Control over the temperature and pressure applied in the autoclave over time is greatly important in reducing material shrinkage and build-up of residual stresses in the laminate [37].…”

Section: Autoclave Curingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technology Review of Thermal Forming Techniques for use in Composite Component Manufacture

Land¹,

Crossley²,

Branson³

et al. 2015

SAE Int. J. Mater. Manf.

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Section: Autoclave Curingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technology Review of Thermal Forming Techniques for use in Composite Component Manufacture

Land¹,

Crossley²,

Branson³

et al. 2015

SAE Int. J. Mater. Manf.

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“…Typically, these models involve three aspects: first, the coupled solution of cure kinetics and heat transfer equations to obtain the temperature and degree of cure profiles in the part; this is especially important for thick composites [8][9][10]; second, the development of models for resin, laminate, and composite property evolution with cure and temperature; and third, the solution of the structural mechanics equations to estimate the induced strains and residual stresses in the part. Models for composite property evolution during cure can be based on direct experimental measurements on the composite itself during cure [11][12][13][14]. Alternatively, the properties of the matrix resin are measured as a function of the degree of cure and temperature.…”

Section: Background: Simulation Of Residual Stresses At Part Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assuming the fiber properties to be constant, the properties of the composite are then estimated either using self-consistent field micromechanics theories or 3D laminate theory [6,12,[15][16][17]. Estimation of residual stresses and shape distortion effects in the composite part is obtained either by employing the composite laminate theory [5,6,15], finite element methods [5,11,14,16,17], or closed-form analytical solutions [18].…”

Section: Background: Simulation Of Residual Stresses At Part Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cure process models provide a valuable tool to understand the effect of composite microstructure, part geometry, and processing parameters on the development of residual stresses; such models also provide a relatively inexpensive virtual means of optimizing cure processing to minimize the residual stresses. Process models for composite cure are available that address residual stress development at the part level [6,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] or at the "meso" levels involving the microstructure or fiber-matrix interface [19][20][21][22][23]. However, a systematic framework for bridging the information at the two scales has not been demonstrated; such bridging of information is critical for obtaining realistic estimates of residual stresses at the fiber matrix interface and for arriving at an understanding of the efficacy of reinforcement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiscale Modeling of Residual Stress Development in Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Unidirectional Thick Thermoset Composites

Patham

Huang

2014

Journal of Composites

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The primary objective of this research is to develop a multiscale simulation framework to arrive at more realistic estimates of cureinduced residual stresses in the vicinity of the fiber-matrix interface in thick thermoset composites. The methodology involves simulations at the part level-employing homogenized rendering of the composite using micromechanics approach-within a finite element framework to obtain part-level temperature and degree-of-cure gradients and strains, and imposition of this information as boundary conditions at the mesoscale simulations, employing microstructural representative volume elements (RVE). A simple implementation of the multiscale framework, involving simulations at the part as well as the RVE levels, is demonstrated in the context of a thick, unidirectional continuous-glass-fiber-reinforced thermoset composite. The trends in the mesoscale residual stresses estimated by employing different RVE-level thermal and thermomechanical boundary conditions-displaying different degrees of coupling between the global and part-level simulations-are then examined. Significant differences are observed in the estimates of mesolevel cure-induced residual stress evolution obtained from simulations with a conventional symmetric RVE and those obtained by employing the multiscale approach involving detailed boundary conditions that realistically account for global thermal and mechanical strain histories.

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“…Prediction of curing distortion will help to overcome the current challenges facing the manufacturing of composite materials. Finite element analysis (FEA) has been used to predict the distortion of contoured-shape composite parts [6][7][8].…”

Section: Scope and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical study of distortion in flat, L‐shaped, and U‐shaped carbon fiber–epoxy composite parts

Roozbehjavan

Tavakol

Ahmed

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, flat composite panels were fabricated to find the effect of different manufacturing parameters, including stacking sequence, part thickness, and tooling material, on distortion of carbon fiber‐epoxy composite parts. L‐shaped and U‐shaped panels were also made to investigate the effect of stacking sequence on spring‐in angle and warpage of the curved panels. Results showed that distortion of the flat panels caused by asymmetry in the stacking sequence was an order of magnitude greater than distortion of the panels with an unbalanced stacking sequence; whereas in the curved panels, the panel with an asymmetric stacking sequence showed the least spring‐in angle, and the largest angle was observed in the symmetric panel. MSC Marc was used to predict distortion of the panels, and the simulation results were compared with the experimental results for several stacking sequences of the flat and the L‐shaped panels. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40439.

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Experimental and numerical study of the effect of cure cycle, tool surface, geometry, and lay-up on the dimensional fidelity of autoclave-processed composite parts

Cited by 225 publications

References 10 publications

Technology Review of Thermal Forming Techniques for use in Composite Component Manufacture

Technology Review of Thermal Forming Techniques for use in Composite Component Manufacture

Multiscale Modeling of Residual Stress Development in Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Unidirectional Thick Thermoset Composites

Experimental and numerical study of distortion in flat, L‐shaped, and U‐shaped carbon fiber–epoxy composite parts

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