Experimental and numerical study on the perforation process of mild steel sheets subjected to perpendicular impact by hemispherical projectiles

Rusinek, Alexis; Rodríguez-Martínez, J.A.; Zaera, R.; Klepaczko, J.R.; Árias, A.; Sauvelet, C.

doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.09.004

Cited by 83 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…This finding is supported by the experimental observations reported in the present paper. However, it has to be noted that for high/very high impact velocities the perforation mechanisms usually become different and the number of petals is expected to increase as discussed in [50].…”

Section: Tests At Room Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-viscoplastic behaviour of 2024-T3 aluminium sheets subjected to low velocity perforation at different temperatures

Rodríguez-Martínez

Rusinek

Árias

2011

Thin-Walled Structures

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a b s t r a c tThis paper deals with the mechanical behaviour of the aluminium alloy 2024 T3. particular relevance since it is widely used in the aeronautical industry for building aircraft structures. The deformation behaviour of this material has been characterised in tension under wide ranges of strain rate and temperature. Among the aluminium alloys, the AA 2024 T3 highlights due to its high flow stress and strain hardening. Moreover, the material temperature sensitivity has been found dependent on plastic strain. The Modified Rusinek Klepaczko constitutive description [Rusinek A, Rodríguez Martínez JA, Arias A. A thermo viscoplastic constitutive model for FCC metals with application to OFHC copper. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 52 (2010) 120 135], which takes into account such dependence of the temperature sensitivity on plastic strain, has been applied for modelling the thermo viscoplastic response of the material. Satisfactory agreement between experiments and analytical predictions provided by the Modified Rusinek Klepaczko model has been found. In order to study the material behaviour under impact loading, low velocity perforation tests on AA 2024 T3 sheets have been performed at different initial temperatures using a drop weight tower. Plastic instabilities formation and progression are identified as the cause behind the target collapse for all the impact tests conducted. The results from these perforation tests are compared with those reported in [Rodríguez Martínez JA, Pesci R, Rusinek A, Arias A, Zaera R, Pedroche DA. Thermo mechanical behaviour of TRIP 1000 steel sheets subjected to low velocity perforation by conical projectiles at different temperatures. Int. J. Solids Struct. 47 (2010) 1268 1284.] for TRIP 1000 steel sheets. The comparison reveals that the amount of specific energy absorbed by the aluminium targets is much lower than that corresponding to the steel targets. The role played by inertia on delaying plastic instabilities formation is determined as potential responsible for such behaviour.

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Section: Tests At Room Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-viscoplastic behaviour of 2024-T3 aluminium sheets subjected to low velocity perforation at different temperatures

Rodríguez-Martínez

Rusinek

Árias

2011

Thin-Walled Structures

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“…In order to analyze the impact behaviour of the steel sheets within the impact velocity range 5 m/s V 0 60 m/s, a gas cannon has been used [17,31], Fig. 3 b.…”

Section: The Pneumatic Cannonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distance from the camera to the target remained approximately constant for both camera placements. During the tests it was checked that such camera angle (q z 15 ) allowed for a complete view of the rear side of the target during the impact Table 1 Chemical composition of the mild steel ES (% of weight) [17,30] process; temperature contours recorded during perforation were well defined. It is feasible to assume that the position of the camera during the tests involving perforation did not affect the tempera ture measurements.…”

Section: Experimental Temperature Measurements Using Infrared Cameramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Close to the ballistic limit the deflection of the plates reaches d p 10 mm in the zone directly affected by the impact. Large bending allows for radial sliding along the contact zone projectile/ plate leading to necking formation close to the dome of the contact zone projectile/plate [17]. Necking involves localization of defor mation acting as precursor of the onset of cracks, large plasticity values are expected in the necking zone [17].…”

Section: Study Of the Perforation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of fracture toughness, driving force, and fracture energy for fractal cracks using the method of imaginary smooth crack

Zhang

De-min

2010

Engineering Fracture Mechanics

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a b s t r a c tIn this paper is reported a study on the behaviour of ES mild steel sheets subjected to perforation by hemispherical projectiles. Experiments have been conducted using a pneumatic cannon within the range of impact velocities 5m=s V 0 60m=s. The experimental setup allowed evaluating initial velocity, failure mode and post mortem deflection of the plates. The tests have been recorded using high speed infrared camera. It made possible to obtain temperature contours of the specimen during impact. Thus, special attention is focussed on the thermal softening of the material which is responsible for instabilities and failure. Assuming adiabatic conditions of deformation, the increase of temperature may be related to the plastic deformation. The critical strain leading to target failure is evaluated coupling temperature measurements with numerical simulations and with analytical predictions obtained by means of the Rusinek Klepaczko constitutive relation [Rusinek, A., Klepaczko, J.R. Shear testing of sheet steel at wide range of strain rates and a constitutive relation with strain rate and temperature dependence of the flow stress. Int J Plasticity. 2001; 17, 87 115]. It has been estimated that the process of localization of plastic deformation which leads to target failure involves local values close to 3 p f z1 for the boundary value problem approached. Subsequently, this failure strain level has been applied to simulate the perforation process and the numerical results obtained show satisfactory agreement with the experiments in terms of ballistic limit, temperature increase and failure mode of the target.

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“…In another experimental study, the ballistic resistance and damage formation of the heat treated steel targets with different thicknesses, hole diameters and target mounting was investigated [7]. Rusinek et al [8] studied experimentally and numerically the failure of mild steel sheets subjected to normal impact by hemispherical projectiles. Klepaczko et al [9] have recently simulated the projectile impact of DH-36 and Weldox 460-E structural steels using three different material models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigations on the ballistic impact performances of cold rolled sheet metals

et al. 2011

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a b s t r a c tThis study focuses on the ballistic performances of 1 and 2 mm-thick and 2 Â 1 mm-thick cold rolled sheet metal plates against 9 mm standard NATO projectile. The velocity of the projectile before and after perforation, the diameter of the front face deformation, the depth of the crater and the diameter of the hole were measured. The fracture surfaces of the plates near the ballistic limit were also microscopically analyzed. The highest ballistic limit was found in 2 mm-thick plate (332 m s À1 ) and the lowest in 1 mmthick plate (97 m s À1 ). While, the ballistic limit of 2 Â 1 mm-thick plate decreased to 306 m s À1 . Typical failure mechanism of the projectile was the flattening and mushrooming at relatively low velocities and the separation from the jacket at relatively high velocities. In accord with the ballistic limits, 2 mm-thick target plate exhibited the highest hardness value. Microscopic investigations showed the significant reductions in the grain size of the targets after the test.

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Experimental and numerical study on the perforation process of mild steel sheets subjected to perpendicular impact by hemispherical projectiles

Cited by 83 publications

References 66 publications

Thermo-viscoplastic behaviour of 2024-T3 aluminium sheets subjected to low velocity perforation at different temperatures

Thermo-viscoplastic behaviour of 2024-T3 aluminium sheets subjected to low velocity perforation at different temperatures

Estimation of fracture toughness, driving force, and fracture energy for fractal cracks using the method of imaginary smooth crack

Experimental investigations on the ballistic impact performances of cold rolled sheet metals

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