Tight oil resources
in China are mainly exploited by staged-fractured
horizontal wells; horizontal wells face the problems of the rapid
decline rate and low primary oil recovery. Pilot tests on the asynchronous
cyclic waterflooding for the horizontal–vertical well pattern
were carried out in recent years and achieved good performance. However,
there are few studies on the influencing factors and parameter optimization
of asynchronous cyclic waterflooding, which limits its wide application.
This work took the tight oil reservoir in Yanchang formation, Fuxian
area, Ordos Basin as its object, and the oil recovery mechanisms of
asynchronous cyclic waterflooding for the horizontal–vertical
well pattern were analyzed first. Then, the operation parameters of
asynchronous cyclic waterflooding were optimized by the numerical
simulation method. Among them, the injection proportion was optimized
by the fuzzy synthetic evaluation method. Finally, the oilfield test
was carried out based on the optimized parameters. The results showed
that pressure disturbance and streamline deviation are the main oil
recovery mechanisms of asynchronous cyclic waterflooding. The asynchronous
mode of the diagonal well row is better than other asynchronous modes.
For the injection time interval, injection–production ratio,
and the injection and shut-in time, the cumulative oil production
all show the trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the
increase in these parameters. The optimal injection time interval
and injection–production ratio are 0.5 T and 1, respectively.
The optimal injection and shut-in time can be calculated by empirical
formulas. Ultimately, the fuzzy synthetic evaluation model was established
to optimize the injection proportion. Field practices showed that
the average daily oil production of horizontal wells was increased
from 1.7 to 3.0 m
3
with the optimized parameters, which
further verified the accuracy of the optimized parameters. This research
can provide theoretical support for the effective development of tight
oil reservoirs.