Experimental and theoretical analyses on mechanical properties and stiffness of hybrid graphene/graphene oxide reinforced EPDM/NBR nanocomposites

Paran, Seyed Mohammad Reza; Naderi, Ghasem; Javadi, Farhad; Shemshadi, R.; Saeb, Mohammad Reza

doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2019.100763

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Although the second definition can also be applied to several mechanical properties other than just failure strain, the application of this definition is not straight forward and should be used with great care owing to three reasons: (i) the Rule of Mixtures is not necessarily linear for all properties; (ii) each Rule of Mixtures needs a certain composition parameter and choosing the right one is important [1,6]; and (iii) it does not work for all mechanical properties, for example, Rule of Mixtures cannot be applied for flexural strength. Synergistic effect is also reported for hybrid composites with two or more resin systems [7] or additional constituents such as nano-particles and additives [8,9], but the focus of the current work is on hybrid composites with two or more fibre types. Although both experimental methods and computational models have been attempted since 1970s to understand the hybrid effect in composites [1,2,10,11], there exist several contradictions and gaps in their reports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Effect in In-Plane Loading of Carbon/Glass Fibre Based Inter- and Intraply Hybrid Composites

Rajpurohit

Joannès

Singery³

et al. 2020

J. Compos. Sci.

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Experimental studies are presented on quasi-static tensile and compressive loading of composites hybridised at two levels: intraply and interply. Consistent reinforcements in the form of novel unidirectional fabrics were developed using T700SC carbon and E-CR glass fibres. Composites were manufactured using Resin Transfer Moulding process with epoxy resin and characterised to ensure consistency and comparability, further enabling easier understanding and confirmation of hybrid effect in a reliable way. Failure strain in tension for interply hybrid revealed a positive hybrid effect of +7.4%, while interply hybrid showed a negative hybrid effect of −6.4% in compression. Intraply hybrid with three carbon and three glass tows blocked together demonstrated the best mechanical performance among all hybrids; synergistic effects of +17.8% and +39.6% in tensile and compressive strength, respectively, was observed for this hybrid configuration. The results show that different hybridisation strategies can be exploited to balance cost and performance of composites for structural and lightweight applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Effect in In-Plane Loading of Carbon/Glass Fibre Based Inter- and Intraply Hybrid Composites

Rajpurohit

Joannès

Singery³

et al. 2020

J. Compos. Sci.

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“…The results demonstrate that the introduction of HNTs gave rise to a higher tensile strength owing to the interactions between the rubber blend and HNTs, a higher crosslinking density, and the stiffening effect of HNTs. [43] It can also be noted from Figure 5(A) that the tensile strength of the rubber blend matrix was enhanced by up to 25% with the addition of appropriate loading of HNTs, which was around 5 phr. Beyond 5 phr loading, it was clear that the dependency of tensile strength enhancement with HNT concentration weakens and nano-reinforcement effectiveness became negligible.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The results revealed that such behavior was intensified at higher HNTs loading since an almost solid-like network can be formed at high HNT contents. [43] Moreover, η* of the HNT-reinforced blends were higher as compared to the control matrix, especially at low frequencies. This demonstrated the establishment of fine-dispersed HNT morphology and improved rubber/HNTs interactions which led to the formation of a network structure giving rise to higher η* values.…”

Section: Rheological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…This observation agrees to those concerning the cure, mechanical, and morphological behavior of the NR/EPDM/HNT nanocomposites reported before. [1,43]…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The G' value is highly related to the segmental motion of polymer chains with respect to the applied frequency. [43] At low frequencies, the segments of the macromolecules follow the applied strain almost instantly without any loss of energy. Nevertheless, the entanglements of polymer chains play a role as temporary crosslinks and disable the segmental motion corresponding to the applied strain at high frequencies.…”

Section: Rheological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Naturally occurring halloysite nanotubes for enhanced durability of natural rubber/ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber vulcanizate

Ghaderzadeh

Esmizadeh

Vahidifar

et al. 2021

Vinyl Additive Technology

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A facile approach of using halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) was proposed to address the durability performance demands of natural rubber (NR)/ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) blends and to protect them from the deleterious effects of the service environment including ozone, chemicals, abrasion, and cyclic loading. The introduction of HNTs substantially improved the stability of NR/EPDM when exposed to ozone (over fourfold enhancement with the addition of 5 phr HNTs). Moreover, the HNT-filled NR/EPDM vulcanizates offered approximately 66% reduction in the solvent-mediated swelling in comparison to the unfilled sample. Fatigue life studies showed that the HNT-reinforced NR/EPDM composite could withstand 30% more cycles to failure than the un-reinforced NR/EPDM blend. The effect of various HNT loading on the morphological, mechanical, physical, and rheological properties of nanocomposite vulcanizates based on NR/EPDM was also investigated. The morphological investigations revealed that the introduction of HNT into the NR/EPDM rubber matrix caused a rough morphology in fracture surface and a well-dispersed structure was obtained with the addition of up to 5 phr of HNTs. These findings were further supported by rheological, mechanical, and thermodynamical results.

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Thermo‐oxidative aging of acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber gaskets with real geometry used in plate heat exchangers

Souza

Zanzi

Paiva

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This study investigates the effects of aging on the physical and mechanical properties of commercially available acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) gaskets while maintaining their original geometry. Thermo-oxidative cycles with 10 and 70 mm in length specimens were conducted from 80 to 170 C up to 180 days. The samples were analyzed employing compression set (CS), hardness, indentation modulus, cross-link density, total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and thermogravimetry. The results showed that longer specimens presented better resistance to thermo-oxidative aging. Indentation results indicated regular oxygen permeability into the entire samples up to 110 C, while at higher temperatures, limited diffusion oxidation (DLO) effects promoted non-uniform aging. Time-temperature superposition (TTS) and Arrhenius methods were applied to predict the specimens' lifetime using CS as a failure criterion. Activation energies for 10 and 70 mm samples were 68.74 and 43.63 kJ mol À1 , respectively. Thus, the 70 mm specimen's lifetime was greater than 10 mm. For temperatures below ≈38 C, the response to the thermo-oxidative aging is independent of specimen length. Therefore, in determining the lifetime of gaskets with complex geometry, longer specimens are recommended to provide more reliable results than those suggested by the standards.

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Experimental and theoretical analyses on mechanical properties and stiffness of hybrid graphene/graphene oxide reinforced EPDM/NBR nanocomposites

Cited by 30 publications

References 65 publications

Hybrid Effect in In-Plane Loading of Carbon/Glass Fibre Based Inter- and Intraply Hybrid Composites

Hybrid Effect in In-Plane Loading of Carbon/Glass Fibre Based Inter- and Intraply Hybrid Composites

Naturally occurring halloysite nanotubes for enhanced durability of natural rubber/ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber vulcanizate

Thermo‐oxidative aging of acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber gaskets with real geometry used in plate heat exchangers

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