Experimental and theoretical analysis of a method to predict thermal runaway in Li-ion cells

Shah, Krishna; Chalise, Divya; Jain, Ankur

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.08.133

Cited by 124 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In order to overcome these experimental difficulties, a thermal test cell is designed and fabricated. The thermal test cell closely matches the geometry and thermal properties of a 26650 Li‐ion cell, thereby ensuring that experiments are representative of a realistic Li‐ion cell undergoing thermal runaway. The thermal test cell also enables close control of temperature‐dependent heat generation rate as well as temperature measurement .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermal test cell closely matches the geometry and thermal properties of a 26650 Li‐ion cell, thereby ensuring that experiments are representative of a realistic Li‐ion cell undergoing thermal runaway. The thermal test cell also enables close control of temperature‐dependent heat generation rate as well as temperature measurement . Experiments are carried out at temperatures much lower than actual thermal runaway temperature to ensure safety of the thermal test cell and prevent fire and explosion.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, analytical modeling of thermal runaway will help understand the interplay between the crucial physical processes including heat generation, intracell heat conduction, and heat dissipation to the ambient that ultimately governs whether thermal runaway occurs or not. A recent work addresses this important research need by formulating a nondimensional Thermal Runaway Number (TRN) that governs whether thermal runaway is imminent or not . However, this was a somewhat simplistic approach that assumed a single decomposition reaction, did not account for Arrhenius kinetics, and did not explicitly predict the evolution of cell temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of thermal runaway and thermal management requirements in cylindrical Li‐ion cells in realistic scenarios

Shah

Jain

2019

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Li‐ion cells suffer from significant safety and performance problems due to overheating and thermal runaway. Effective thermal management can lead to increased energy conversion efficiency and energy storage density. Critical needs towards these goals include the capability to predict thermal behavior in extreme conditions and determine thermal management requirements to prevent thermal runaway. This paper presents an experimentally validated theoretical model to predict the temperature distribution in a cell in response to nonlinear heat generation rate that is known to occur during thermal runaway. This problem is solved by linearization of the nonlinear term over successive time intervals. Experimental measurements carried out on a thermal test cell in conditions similar to thermal runaway show good agreement with the theoretical model. Experimental measurements and model predictions indicate strong dependence of the fate of the cell on its reaction kinetics, thermal properties, and ambient conditions. Specifically, a sudden change in thermal runaway behavior is predicted once the ambient temperature crosses a certain threshold, consistent with past experimental observations. The impact of increasing cell thermal conductivity on improved thermal runaway performance is quantified. Results presented here provide a fundamental understanding of thermal runaway, and may lead to improved performance and safety of Li‐ion–based energy conversion and storage systems.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of thermal runaway and thermal management requirements in cylindrical Li‐ion cells in realistic scenarios

Shah

Jain

2019

Int J Energy Res

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“…However, Li‐ion cells are also well‐known to be very temperature sensitive, with a severe reduction in performance at high temperatures. In addition, overheating of Li‐ion cells also presents significant reliability and safety challenges, due to the risk of thermal runaway …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall rate of heat generation in the cell has been determined through electrochemical as well as calorimetric measurements. Thermal runaway in a single Li‐ion cell has been studied extensively in a variety of abuse conditions, through both experiments and theoretical analysis …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical investigation of heat transfer in Li‐ion battery pack of a hoverboard

2019

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Summary Li‐ion cells are used for energy storage and conversion in electric vehicles and a variety of consumer devices such as hoverboards. Performance and safety of such devices are severely affected by overheating of Li‐ion cells in aggressive operating conditions. Multiple recent fires and accidents in hoverboards are known to have originated in the battery pack of the hoverboard. While thermal analysis and measurements have been carried out extensively on large battery packs for electric vehicles, there is relatively lesser research on smaller devices such as hoverboards, where the extremely limited thermal management design space and the critical importance of user safety result in severe thermal management challenges. This paper presents experimental measurements and numerical analysis of a novel approach for thermal management of the battery pack of a hoverboard. Measurements indicate that temperature rise in cells in the pack can be as large as 30°C at 4C discharge rate, which, although unlikely to be a standard discharge rate, may result from a malfunction or accident. A novel thermal management approach is investigated, wherein careful utilization of air flow generated by hoverboard motion is shown to result in significant temperature reduction. Measurements also indicate the key role of the metal housing around the battery pack in thermal management. Measurements are found to be in good agreement with finite element simulations, which indicate that the battery pack can be cooled as effectively in presence of a perforated metal casing as without the casing at all. Experimental data and simulation model presented here offer critical insights into the design of hoverboard thermal management and may result in safer, high performance hoverboard battery packs.

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Challenges and Advances in Rechargeable Batteries for Extreme‐Condition Applications

Wu,

Wang

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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Rechargeable batteries are widely used as power sources for portable electronics, electric vehicles and smart grids. Their practical performances are, however, largely undermined under extreme conditions, such as in high‐altitude drones, ocean exploration and polar expedition. These extreme environmental conditions not only bring new challenges for batteries but also incur unique battery failure mechanisms. To fill in the gap, it is of great importance to understand the battery failure mechanisms under different extreme conditions and figure out the key parameters that limit battery performances. In this review, we start by investigating the key challenges from the viewpoints of ionic/charge transfer, material/interface evolution and electrolyte degradation under different extreme conditions. It is then followed by different engineering approaches through electrode materials design, electrolyte modification and battery component optimization to enhance practical battery performances. Finally, a short perspective is provided about the future development of rechargeable batteries under extreme conditions.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Experimental and theoretical analysis of a method to predict thermal runaway in Li-ion cells

Cited by 124 publications

References 28 publications

Prediction of thermal runaway and thermal management requirements in cylindrical Li‐ion cells in realistic scenarios

Prediction of thermal runaway and thermal management requirements in cylindrical Li‐ion cells in realistic scenarios

Experimental and numerical investigation of heat transfer in Li‐ion battery pack of a hoverboard

Challenges and Advances in Rechargeable Batteries for Extreme‐Condition Applications

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