Experimental and theoretical approaches for the selective detection of thymine in real samples using gold nanoparticles as a biochemical sensor

Abstract

We report a simple, selective and cost effective method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of thymine in a DNA standard and in urine samples using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a label-free colorimetric biochemical sensor.

A simple and cost-effective paper-based and colorimetric dual-mode detection of arsenic(iii) and lead(ii) based on glucose-functionalized gold nanoparticles

“…LSPR-based probes are able to detect extremely low concentration of the analytes present in different types of samples. 27,28 Consequently, noble metals NPs are used as colorimetric and paper-based sensors for the detection of a variety of chemical substances such as amino acids, 29 vitamins, 30 pesticides, [31][32][33] proteins, 34 cationic surfactants, 35 nucleic acids, 36 and ascorbic acid. 37,38 Thus, colorimetric and paper-based analytical methods based on noble AuNPs are easy, low cost, and preclude the use of sophisticated analytical instruments.…”

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers on the Surface of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Selective Separation and Detection of Nucleobases

“…Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is probably the most important biomolecule in living organisms, which encodes genetic information via combination of four bases: guanine, adenine, thymine and cytosine [1]. The changes in the concentration of each nucleobase may lead to mutation and may also indicate the presence of various diseases [2].…”

“…The changes in the concentration of each nucleobase may lead to mutation and may also indicate the presence of various diseases [2]. For example, abnormal changes of thymine concentration or a deficiency of thymine in DNA my result in symptoms of mental retardation, renal failure cardiovascular disease or cancer [1]. Therefore, the determination of such changes in biological samples has a great significance for clinical diagnostics [3].…”

“…Up to now, various analytical methods including gas chromatography [4], liquid chromatography [5], fluorescence spectroscopy [6] and electrochemical methods [7] have been used to determine the DNA bases. However, these techniques are expensive and demanding for sample preparation techniques [1].…”

“…The use of nanomaterials -magnetic nanoparticles -in combination with MIPs provides large surface-tovolume ratio and well defined shape, moreover possibility of rapid separation of magnetic particles by the aid of an external magnet is favorable [1,9]. Dopamine (DA) is a small molecule which can self-polymerize to generate polydopamine at alkaline pH and spontaneously adhere to different kinds of materials form a conformal layers [12].…”