“…In the 1990s, the introduction of macro-synthetic bers (MSF) into the construction industry has seen vast research into the likelihood of using discrete bers to substitute light gauge steel grids and steel bers in rigid pavements, shotcretes, and structural concrete (Oh et al 2005;Suji et al 2007; Buratti et al 2011). Generally, synthetic bers have an elastic modulus usually in the range of 3-7 GPa, considerably lower compared to engineered steel bers with a modulus of elasticity of about 210 GPa, studies have shown that depending on the concentration and geometry, they substantially advance the toughness, ductility, spalling-resistance, and durability of plain concrete (Oh et al 2005(Oh et al , 2007; Kazmi et al 2018a). Contrary to steel bers, MSF offers numerous advantages, they are lightweight, insulating, corrosion-resistant, and economical.…”